DataWorks Commons
Toledo, OH
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263,423 people (2025) 250k-1m Midwest

Bright spots 14 indicators

Where Toledo, OH shows a real improvement in recent years, or stands clearly ahead of its peers. How this is calculated →

What needs attention 5 indicators

Where Toledo, OH shows a real worsening in recent years, or trails its peers clearly. How this is calculated →

Big moves & big gaps 4 indicators

Real movement and big differences from peers, where neither direction is simply good or bad. Biggest relative change first; big-gap cards come last. How this is calculated →

All indicators

Public Safety 4 indicators
★
Public Safety

Violent crime rate

▼ Lower is better Improving recently, leading peers ★ National leader
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Violent crime fell about 26% over the 12 months ending June 2026, faster than 100% of similar-size cities.

Broader trend
Multi-year view: violent crime fell about 4% a year from 2021 to 2026, faster than 50% of similar-size cities. The change does not yet pass the noise and consistency checks, so treat it as a raw signal.
Longer view
Violent crime rose about 1% a year from 2018 to 2026.
Latest
Most recent monthly reading: 747 in June 2026, down from 1,015 a year earlier.
Bright spot 747 per 100k
2018June 2026
▸ Compare all 25 similar-size cities by change rank
Each place's latest 12 months compares against its prior 12. significant improvement · significant worsening · within chance fluctuation for counts this size (Poisson test at 90%; these are administrative tallies, so the test covers event randomness, not survey error). Reporting practices vary by agency, so comparisons are indicative, not definitive; see crime data cautions.
Place Latestper 100k Changelast 12 months Sig. Change rank History
U.S. (RTCI sample) ref 456 (Apr 26) -9.3%
Toledo, OH 747 (Jun 26) -26.4% 1st
Lubbock, TX 525 (Jul 26) -26.0% 2nd
Glendale, AZ 363 (Jun 26) -25.0% 3rd
Laredo, TX 277 (Jul 26) -18.4% 4th
Norfolk, VA 390 (Jul 26) -17.6% 5th
Garland, TX 184 (Jul 26) -16.8% 6th
Boise, ID 270 (Jun 26) -13.6% 7th
Arlington, VA 264 (Jul 26) -12.0% 8th
Fort Wayne, IN 267 (Jul 26) -4.9% 9th
Irving, TX 259 (Jul 26) -4.7% 10th
St. Louis, MO 1,217 (Jul 26) -4.4% 11th
Winston-Salem, NC 775 (Apr 26) -4.3% 12th
Frisco, TX 102 (Jun 26) -2.5% 13th
Chandler, AZ 118 (Jul 26) -1.5% 14th
Chula Vista, CA 365 (Jul 26) -1.5% 15th
Gilbert, AZ 123 (Jul 26) -0.8% 16th
McKinney, TX 106 (Jul 26) -0.4% 17th
Madison, WI 227 (Jul 26) +0.2% 18th
Plano, TX 145 (Jul 26) +1.0% 19th
Scottsdale, AZ 177 (Jul 26) +4.9% 20th
Richmond, VA 416 (Jul 26) +4.9% 21st
Reno, NV 512 (May 26) +6.8% 22nd
Chesapeake, VA 338 (Jul 26) +8.1% 23rd
Buffalo, NY 702 (May 26) +8.9% 24th
Port St. Lucie, FL 117 (May 26) +18.4% 25th
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Because this metric moves monthly, each listed city also held or improved over its own most recent 12 months (shown on each row), and the list is ordered by that recent movement. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
Public Safety

Property crime rate

▼ Lower is better Improving recently
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Property crime fell about 13% over the 12 months ending June 2026, faster than 50% of similar-size cities.

Broader trend
Multi-year view: property crime is about 7% lower than in 2021 (2,825 then, 2,620 now), but the direction has turned: after peaking near 3,131 in 2023 it has fallen each year since.
Longer view
Property crime fell about 4% a year from 2018 to 2026.
Latest
Most recent monthly reading: 2,403 in June 2026, down from 2,751 a year earlier.
Bright spot 2,403 per 100k
2018June 2026
▸ Compare all 25 similar-size cities by change rank
Each place's latest 12 months compares against its prior 12. significant improvement · significant worsening · within chance fluctuation for counts this size (Poisson test at 90%; these are administrative tallies, so the test covers event randomness, not survey error). Reporting practices vary by agency, so comparisons are indicative, not definitive; see crime data cautions.
Place Latestper 100k Changelast 12 months Sig. Change rank History
U.S. (RTCI sample) ref 1,987 (Apr 26) -12.2%
Reno, NV 1,827 (May 26) -24.9% 1st
Arlington, VA 1,544 (Jul 26) -21.1% 2nd
Irving, TX 1,576 (Jul 26) -20.8% 3rd
Lubbock, TX 2,001 (Jul 26) -19.3% 4th
Laredo, TX 994 (Jul 26) -18.9% 5th
Boise, ID 814 (Jun 26) -18.3% 6th
Chandler, AZ 1,146 (Jul 26) -16.1% 7th
Plano, TX 1,114 (Jul 26) -15.5% 8th
Glendale, AZ 2,129 (Jun 26) -15.2% 9th
Fort Wayne, IN 1,686 (Jul 26) -14.4% 10th
Gilbert, AZ 843 (Jul 26) -13.1% 11th
Frisco, TX 797 (Jun 26) -12.7% 12th
Toledo, OH 2,403 (Jun 26) -12.6% 13th
Garland, TX 1,529 (Jul 26) -12.3% 14th
Winston-Salem, NC 2,833 (Apr 26) -8.2% 15th
Scottsdale, AZ 1,690 (Jul 26) -7.7% 16th
Chesapeake, VA 1,495 (Jul 26) -6.9% 17th
McKinney, TX 691 (Jul 26) -5.8% 18th
St. Louis, MO 4,964 (Jul 26) -5.3% 19th
Richmond, VA 3,380 (Jul 26) -4.8% 20th
Norfolk, VA 3,338 (Jul 26) -2.0% 21st
Chula Vista, CA 1,080 (Jul 26) -1.4% 22nd
Madison, WI 1,956 (Jul 26) -1.3% 23rd
Port St. Lucie, FL 684 (May 26) -0.5% 24th
Buffalo, NY 3,445 (May 26) +1.3% 25th
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Because this metric moves monthly, each listed city also held or improved over its own most recent 12 months (shown on each row), and the list is ordered by that recent movement. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Tucson, AZ down about 30% over the 12 months ending July 2026 · sustained: down about 7% a year · 2021-2026
  • Lubbock, TX down about 19% over the 12 months ending July 2026 · sustained: down about 9% a year · 2021-2026
  • San Francisco, CA down about 18% over the 12 months ending July 2026 · sustained: down about 16% a year · 2021-2026
Public Safety

Homicide rate

▼ Lower is better Verified improver
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Homicides fell about 8% over the 12 months ending June 2026, slower than 62% of similar-size cities.

Broader trend
Multi-year view: homicide fell about 15% a year from 2021 to 2026, faster than 87% of similar-size cities. Toledo started among the weakest third of similar-size cities, so some rebound is expected; still, the improvement is sustained and worth investigating.
Longer view
Homicide fell about 5% a year from 2018 to 2026.
Latest
Most recent reading: 23 homicides in the 12 months ending June 2026, down from 25 in the prior 12 months. That is 9 per 100,000 residents; peer comparisons use the rate.
Bright spot 23 homicides
2018June 2026
▸ Compare all 25 similar-size cities by change rank
Each place's latest 12 months compares against its prior 12. significant improvement · significant worsening · within chance fluctuation for counts this size (Poisson test at 90%; these are administrative tallies, so the test covers event randomness, not survey error). Reporting practices vary by agency, so comparisons are indicative, not definitive; see crime data cautions.
Place Latestper 100k Changelast 12 months Sig. Change rank History
U.S. (RTCI sample) ref 6 (Apr 26) -17.8%
Reno, NV 0 (May 26) -94.4% 1st
Boise, ID 0 (Jun 26) -75.0% 2nd
Plano, TX 0 (Jul 26) -66.5% 3rd
Irving, TX 1 (Jul 26) -62.4% 4th
Scottsdale, AZ 1 (Jul 26) -60.0% 5th
Garland, TX 2 (Jul 26) -58.4% 6th
Frisco, TX 1 (Jun 26) -50.1% 7th
Glendale, AZ 3 (Jun 26) -42.9% 8th
Buffalo, NY 8 (May 26) -41.6% 9th
Lubbock, TX 3 (Jul 26) -39.9% 10th
Laredo, TX 2 (Jul 26) -37.4% 11th
McKinney, TX 3 (Jul 26) -36.3% 12th
Richmond, VA 18 (Jul 26) -26.3% 13th
Fort Wayne, IN 10 (Jul 26) -22.2% 14th
Madison, WI 2 (Jul 26) -14.3% 15th
Toledo, OH 9 (Jun 26) -8.0% 16th
St. Louis, MO 51 (Jul 26) +5.2% 17th
Norfolk, VA 15 (Jul 26) +16.6% 18th
Port St. Lucie, FL 2 (May 26) +24.7% 19th
Winston-Salem, NC 11 (Apr 26) +27.1% 20th
Chandler, AZ 1 (Jul 26) +50.5% 21st
Chula Vista, CA 3 (Jul 26) +75.2% 22nd
Arlington, VA 1 (Jul 26) +100.0% 23rd
Chesapeake, VA 5 (Jul 26) +133.2% 24th
Gilbert, AZ 3 (Jul 26) +899.7% 25th
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Because this metric moves monthly, each listed city also held or improved over its own most recent 12 months (shown on each row), and the list is ordered by that recent movement. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Newark, NJ down about 39% over the 12 months ending July 2026 · sustained: down about 13% a year · 2021-2026
  • Baltimore, MD down about 32% over the 12 months ending July 2026 · sustained: down about 16% a year · 2021-2026
  • Columbus, OH down about 29% over the 12 months ending June 2026 · sustained: down about 13% a year · 2021-2026
Public Safety

Motor vehicle theft rate

▼ Lower is better Improving recently, trailing peers
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Vehicle theft fell about 8% over the 12 months ending June 2026, slower than 83% of similar-size cities.

Broader trend
Multi-year view: vehicle theft is about 7% higher than in 2021 (387 then, 414 now), but the direction has turned: after peaking near 547 in 2024 it has fallen each year since.
Longer view
Vehicle theft rose about 18% a year from 2018 to 2026.
Latest
Most recent monthly reading: 414 in June 2026, down from 452 a year earlier.
Needs attention 414 per 100k
2018June 2026
▸ Compare all 25 similar-size cities by change rank
Each place's latest 12 months compares against its prior 12. significant improvement · significant worsening · within chance fluctuation for counts this size (Poisson test at 90%; these are administrative tallies, so the test covers event randomness, not survey error). Reporting practices vary by agency, so comparisons are indicative, not definitive; see crime data cautions.
Place Latestper 100k Changelast 12 months Sig. Change rank History
U.S. (RTCI sample) ref 303 (Apr 26) -22.2%
Plano, TX 63 (Jul 26) -42.6% 1st
Glendale, AZ 230 (Jun 26) -41.8% 2nd
Garland, TX 203 (Jul 26) -34.5% 3rd
Irving, TX 221 (Jul 26) -33.5% 4th
Boise, ID 84 (Jun 26) -32.0% 5th
Laredo, TX 98 (Jul 26) -31.8% 6th
Gilbert, AZ 44 (Jul 26) -29.2% 7th
Arlington, VA 93 (Jul 26) -28.7% 8th
Reno, NV 238 (May 26) -27.7% 9th
Richmond, VA 332 (Jul 26) -23.3% 10th
Chula Vista, CA 203 (Jul 26) -20.7% 11th
Port St. Lucie, FL 26 (May 26) -20.5% 12th
Lubbock, TX 183 (Jul 26) -19.2% 13th
Buffalo, NY 413 (May 26) -17.9% 14th
Scottsdale, AZ 114 (Jul 26) -17.6% 15th
Chandler, AZ 74 (Jul 26) -14.1% 16th
Frisco, TX 49 (Jun 26) -14.1% 17th
Fort Wayne, IN 168 (Jul 26) -13.6% 18th
Chesapeake, VA 88 (Jul 26) -12.4% 19th
McKinney, TX 50 (Jul 26) -9.9% 20th
Toledo, OH 414 (Jun 26) -8.4% 21st
Norfolk, VA 276 (Jul 26) -6.5% 22nd
St. Louis, MO 1,174 (Jul 26) -4.1% 23rd
Winston-Salem, NC 340 (Apr 26) -3.3% 24th
Madison, WI 120 (Jul 26) +12.0% 25th
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Because this metric moves monthly, each listed city also held or improved over its own most recent 12 months (shown on each row), and the list is ordered by that recent movement. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Aurora, CO down about 42% over the 12 months ending July 2026 · sustained: down about 22% a year · 2021-2026
  • Denver, CO down about 34% over the 12 months ending July 2026 · sustained: down about 21% a year · 2021-2026
  • San Francisco, CA down about 32% over the 12 months ending July 2026 · sustained: down about 11% a year · 2021-2026
See all Public Safety data →
Economy 7 indicators
Economy

Median household income

▲ Higher is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Household income rose about 32% between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from $37,752 to $49,724 (each survey's own dollars, not adjusted for inflation) - more than the combined survey margin (±$1,319).

Broader trend
All similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction. Toledo started among the weakest third of similar-size cities, so some rebound is expected; still, the improvement is sustained and worth investigating.
Longer view
Household income rose about 48% from 2014 to 2024 ($33,485 to $49,724).
Bright spot $49,724
20102024
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref $71,389 +26%
United States ref $80,734 +28%
Boise, ID $83,904 12th +40% 1st 4% above peers
Reno, NV $80,760 14th +37% 2nd on par with peers
Richmond, VA $64,587 23rd +37% 3rd 20% below peers
Huntsville, AL $74,714 20th +35% 4th 7% below peers
Laredo, TX $63,915 24th +34% 5th 21% below peers
Buffalo, NY $50,041 29th +34% 6th 38% below peers
Glendale, AZ $73,530 21st +34% 7th 9% below peers
Port St. Lucie, FL $80,648 15th +33% 8th on par with peers
McKinney, TX $124,215 3rd +33% 9th 54% above peers
Chula Vista, CA $108,032 8th +33% 10th 34% above peers
St. Petersburg, FL $75,192 19th +32% 11th 7% below peers
Toledo, OH $49,724 30th +32% 12th 38% below peers
Chandler, AZ $108,095 7th +30% 13th 34% above peers
Winston-Salem, NC $59,268 27th +30% 14th 27% below peers
Norfolk, VA $66,109 22nd +28% 15th 18% below peers
St. Louis, MO $56,160 28th +28% 16th 30% below peers
Cape Coral, FL $78,104 16th +27% 17th 3% below peers
Gilbert, AZ $122,551 4th +27% 18th 52% above peers
Irving, TX $81,830 13th +26% 19th 1% above peers
Scottsdale, AZ $110,886 6th +26% 20th 37% above peers
Garland, TX $76,320 18th +25% 21st 5% below peers
Fort Wayne, IN $61,422 25th +24% 22nd 24% below peers
Anchorage municipality, AK $103,284 9th +22% 23rd 28% above peers
Chesapeake, VA $95,373 11th +21% 24th 18% above peers
Enterprise, NV $98,462 10th +21% 25th 22% above peers
Lubbock, TX $60,895 26th +21% 26th 24% below peers
Madison, WI $78,050 17th +19% 27th 3% below peers
Arlington, VA $142,114 2nd +18% 28th 76% above peers
Frisco, TX $150,212 1st +18% 29th 86% above peers
Plano, TX $112,253 5th +17% 30th 39% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 117 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EconomyMedian household income
Loading tract map…
49 of 117 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸ Break down by group Race · ACS 2024
Loading breakdown…
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Miami, FL up about 60% between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Newark, NJ up about 48% between its surveys · a larger real gain than 99% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Fresno, CA up about 41% between its surveys · a larger real gain than 92% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±$993 at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Economy

Unemployment rate

▼ Lower is better Improving recently, leading peers
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Unemployment fell 3.0 percentage points over the 12 months ending July 2026, faster than 100% of similar-size cities.

Broader trend
Multi-year view: unemployment rose about 0.8 percentage points a year from 2022 to 2025. That is movement in the wrong direction.
Longer view
Unemployment held steady from 2015 to 2025.
Latest
Most recent monthly reading: 4.8% in July 2026, down from 7.8% a year earlier.
Bright spot 4.8%
1990July 2026
▸ Compare all 28 similar-size cities by change rank
Place Latest Today's rank Changelast 12 months Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 3.4% (Jul 26) -1.1pp
United States ref 4.1% (Aug 26) -0.2pp
Toledo, OH 4.8% (Jul 26) 22nd -3.0pp 1st 9% above peers
St. Louis, MO 4.4% (Jul 26) 15th -0.7pp 2nd on par with peers
Fort Wayne, IN 3.4% (Jul 26) 5th -0.6pp 3rd 23% below peers
Winston-Salem, NC 4.2% (Jul 26) 9th -0.5pp 4th 5% below peers
Reno, NV 3.9% (Jul 26) 7th -0.4pp 5th 11% below peers
Chula Vista, CA 5.1% (Jul 26) 27th -0.3pp 6th 16% above peers
Anchorage municipality, AK 3.2% (Jul 26) 3rd -0.3pp 7th 27% below peers
Laredo, TX 4.8% (Jul 26) 23rd -0.1pp 8th 9% above peers
Boise, ID 3.1% (Jul 26) 2nd -0.1pp 9th 30% below peers
Madison, WI 2.9% (Jul 26) 1st +0.2pp 10th 34% below peers
Chesapeake, VA 3.6% (Jul 26) 6th +0.2pp 11th 18% below peers
Buffalo, NY 5.7% (Jul 26) 28th +0.2pp 12th 30% above peers
Irving, TX 4.2% (Jul 26) 10th +0.3pp 13th 5% below peers
Glendale, AZ 4.9% (Jul 26) 24th +0.3pp 14th 11% above peers
Norfolk, VA 4.4% (Jul 26) 16th +0.3pp 15th on par with peers
Lubbock, TX 4.4% (Jul 26) 17th +0.4pp 16th on par with peers
Garland, TX 4.5% (Jul 26) 18th +0.4pp 17th 2% above peers
Gilbert, AZ 4.1% (Jul 26) 8th +0.5pp 18th 7% below peers
St. Petersburg, FL 4.2% (Jul 26) 11th +0.5pp 19th 5% below peers
Port St. Lucie, FL 5.0% (Jul 26) 25th +0.5pp 20th 14% above peers
Chandler, AZ 4.3% (Jul 26) 12th +0.5pp 21st 2% below peers
Richmond, VA 4.3% (Jul 26) 13th +0.5pp 22nd 2% below peers
Frisco, TX 4.3% (Jul 26) 14th +0.5pp 23rd 2% below peers
McKinney, TX 4.7% (Jul 26) 21st +0.5pp 24th 7% above peers
Plano, TX 4.5% (Jul 26) 19th +0.5pp 25th 2% above peers
Huntsville, AL 3.3% (Jul 26) 4th +0.6pp 26th 25% below peers
Cape Coral, FL 5.0% (Jul 26) 26th +0.7pp 27th 14% above peers
Scottsdale, AZ 4.5% (Jul 26) 20th +0.8pp 28th 2% above peers
Economy

Share of people below the poverty level

▼ Lower is better No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Poverty changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (25.5% then, 24.3% now; margin ±1.4pp).

Broader trend
31% of similar-size cities show a real change in either direction.
Longer view
Poverty fell 3.4 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (27.7% to 24.3%).
Needs attention 24.3%
20112024
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 13.3% -0.7pp
United States ref 12.4%
Huntsville, AL 12.6% 17th -4.2pp 1st 1% above peers
Boise, ID 10.6% 13th -3.2pp 2nd 15% below peers
Laredo, TX 20.9% 28th -5.8pp 3rd 68% above peers
Richmond, VA 18.2% 25th -5.0pp 4th 46% above peers
McKinney, TX 5.7% 3rd -1.2pp 5th 54% below peers
Glendale, AZ 15.1% 20th -3.1pp 6th 21% above peers
Winston-Salem, NC 17.7% 24th -3.0pp 7th 42% above peers
Buffalo, NY 26.0% 30th -4.1pp 8th 109% above peers
Norfolk, VA 16.5% 23rd -2.2pp 9th 33% above peers
Irving, TX 11.0% 15th -1.2pp 10th 11% below peers
Chula Vista, CA 8.8% 9th -0.9pp 11th 30% below peers
St. Petersburg, FL 12.4% 16th -0.9pp 12th on par with peers
Reno, NV 12.7% 18th -0.8pp 13th 2% above peers
Lubbock, TX 18.9% 26th -1.2pp 14th 52% above peers
St. Louis, MO 20.6% 27th -1.2pp 15th 66% above peers
Toledo, OH 24.3% 29th -1.1pp 16th 96% above peers
Scottsdale, AZ 7.3% 5th -0.3pp 17th 41% below peers
Madison, WI 16.4% 22nd -0.5pp 18th 31% above peers
Frisco, TX 3.5% 1st -0.1pp 19th 71% below peers
Garland, TX 13.0% 19th -0.1pp 20th 5% above peers
Anchorage municipality, AK 8.9% 10th -0.1pp 21st 28% below peers
Gilbert, AZ 5.3% 2nd -0.0pp 22nd 58% below peers
Plano, TX 6.8% 4th -0.0pp 23rd 46% below peers
Fort Wayne, IN 16.0% 21st +0.1pp 24th 29% above peers
Cape Coral, FL 10.8% 14th +0.3pp 25th 14% below peers
Chandler, AZ 7.9% 7th +0.3pp 26th 36% below peers
Port St. Lucie, FL 9.5% 12th +0.5pp 27th 24% below peers
Arlington, VA 7.4% 6th +0.6pp 28th 41% below peers
Chesapeake, VA 9.4% 11th +0.8pp 29th 24% below peers
Enterprise, NV 8.7% 8th +1.0pp 30th 31% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 117 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EconomyShare of people below the poverty level
Loading tract map…
48 of 117 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸ Break down by group Race · Age · Sex · ACS 2024
Loading breakdown…
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Laredo, TX down 5.8pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 95% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Fresno, CA down 5.1pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 94% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Atlanta, GA down 3.9pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 90% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±1.1pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Economy

Share of children below the poverty level

▼ Lower is better No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Child poverty changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (36.8% then, 36.0% now; margin ±2.5pp).

Broader trend
48% of similar-size cities show a real change in either direction.
Longer view
Child poverty fell 3.7 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (39.7% to 36.0%).
Needs attention 36.0%
20132024
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 17.8% -2.1pp
United States ref 16.1%
Huntsville, AL 17.0% 18th -8.5pp 1st 14% above peers
Boise, ID 11.1% 11th -5.1pp 2nd 26% below peers
Glendale, AZ 20.2% 21st -6.8pp 3rd 35% above peers
Richmond, VA 28.1% 26th -8.9pp 4th 88% above peers
Laredo, TX 28.3% 27th -8.5pp 5th 89% above peers
Buffalo, NY 35.5% 29th -10.4pp 6th 138% above peers
McKinney, TX 6.7% 3rd -1.8pp 7th 55% below peers
Scottsdale, AZ 8.4% 6th -2.2pp 8th 44% below peers
Winston-Salem, NC 25.9% 25th -6.1pp 9th 73% above peers
Anchorage municipality, AK 10.8% 10th -2.3pp 10th 28% below peers
Chesapeake, VA 12.5% 12th -2.4pp 11th 16% below peers
St. Louis, MO 29.7% 28th -4.2pp 12th 99% above peers
St. Petersburg, FL 17.7% 19th -2.2pp 13th 18% above peers
Norfolk, VA 25.2% 24th -3.1pp 14th 68% above peers
Chula Vista, CA 10.0% 8th -1.2pp 15th 33% below peers
Lubbock, TX 20.1% 20th -1.9pp 16th 34% above peers
Gilbert, AZ 5.0% 2nd -0.4pp 17th 66% below peers
Garland, TX 20.3% 22nd -1.5pp 18th 36% above peers
Irving, TX 16.4% 17th -1.2pp 19th 10% above peers
Plano, TX 7.9% 5th -0.5pp 20th 47% below peers
Reno, NV 14.9% 16th -0.8pp 21st on par with peers
Toledo, OH 36.0% 30th -0.8pp 22nd 141% above peers
Fort Wayne, IN 23.8% 23rd -0.3pp 23rd 59% above peers
Chandler, AZ 9.9% 7th +0.4pp 24th 33% below peers
Frisco, TX 3.2% 1st +0.2pp 25th 78% below peers
Cape Coral, FL 13.8% 14th +0.7pp 26th 7% below peers
Arlington, VA 7.8% 4th +1.2pp 27th 48% below peers
Madison, WI 13.9% 15th +2.1pp 28th 7% below peers
Enterprise, NV 10.6% 9th +2.1pp 29th 29% below peers
Port St. Lucie, FL 12.8% 13th +2.7pp 30th 15% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 117 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EconomyShare of children below the poverty level
Loading tract map…
48 of 117 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Atlanta, GA down 10.2pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 92% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Glendale, AZ down 6.8pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 89% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Boston, MA down 6.6pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 86% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±2.0pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Economy

Households with a broadband internet subscription

▲ Higher is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Broadband rose 9.0 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 78.2% to 87.2% - more than the combined survey margin (±1.2pp).

Broader trend
97% of similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction. Toledo started among the weakest third of similar-size cities, so some rebound is expected; still, the improvement is sustained and worth investigating.
Longer view
Broadband rose 15.6 percentage points from 2017 to 2024 (71.6% to 87.2%).
Bright spot 87.2%
20172024
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 90.3% +7.9pp
United States ref 91.1%
Laredo, TX 87.5% 27th +18.9pp 1st 6% below peers
Buffalo, NY 88.6% 25th +13.7pp 2nd 4% below peers
St. Louis, MO 86.9% 29th +12.5pp 3rd 6% below peers
Richmond, VA 86.3% 30th +10.6pp 4th 7% below peers
Boise, ID 93.8% 13th +10.5pp 5th 1% above peers
Winston-Salem, NC 88.5% 26th +9.2pp 6th 5% below peers
Toledo, OH 87.2% 28th +9.0pp 7th 6% below peers
Glendale, AZ 88.8% 24th +8.8pp 8th 4% below peers
Lubbock, TX 88.9% 23rd +8.8pp 9th 4% below peers
St. Petersburg, FL 92.5% 17th +8.6pp 10th on par with peers
Irving, TX 92.8% 15th +7.4pp 11th on par with peers
Fort Wayne, IN 90.8% 20th +6.9pp 12th 2% below peers
Huntsville, AL 91.9% 18th +6.4pp 13th 1% below peers
Reno, NV 89.7% 21st +5.8pp 14th 3% below peers
Garland, TX 94.9% 10th +6.2pp 15th 2% above peers
Chula Vista, CA 94.8% 11th +6.1pp 16th 2% above peers
Norfolk, VA 89.0% 22nd +5.4pp 17th 4% below peers
McKinney, TX 95.7% 6th +5.5pp 18th 3% above peers
Cape Coral, FL 93.0% 14th +4.6pp 19th on par with peers
Port St. Lucie, FL 95.0% 9th +4.7pp 20th 2% above peers
Anchorage municipality, AK 94.6% 12th +4.5pp 21st 2% above peers
Enterprise, NV 97.0% 2nd +4.3pp 22nd 5% above peers
Arlington, VA 95.2% 8th +3.7pp 23rd 3% above peers
Scottsdale, AZ 96.3% 5th +3.8pp 24th 4% above peers
Chandler, AZ 95.4% 7th +3.5pp 25th 3% above peers
Madison, WI 91.5% 19th +2.8pp 26th 1% below peers
Plano, TX 96.7% 4th +2.6pp 27th 4% above peers
Chesapeake, VA 92.8% 16th +2.5pp 28th on par with peers
Frisco, TX 97.7% 1st +1.8pp 29th 5% above peers
Gilbert, AZ 97.0% 3rd +1.1pp 30th 5% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 117 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EconomyHouseholds with a broadband internet subscription
Loading tract map…
48 of 117 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • San Juan zona urbana, PR up 18.9pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Detroit, MI up 21.2pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 99% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Laredo, TX up 18.9pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 98% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±0.9pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Economy

Income inequality (Gini index)

▼ Lower is better Improving (small)
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Inequality fell about 3% between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 0.46 to 0.45 - more than the combined survey margin (±0.01).

Broader trend
14% of similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction; 17% moved the other way.
Longer view
Inequality fell about 2% from 2014 to 2024 (0.46 to 0.45).
Bright spot 0.45
20102024
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 0.47 +0.002
United States ref 0.48 +0.001
Richmond, VA 0.51 29th -0.032 1st 14% above peers
Laredo, TX 0.45 17th -0.025 2nd on par with peers
Glendale, AZ 0.43 11th -0.023 3rd 4% below peers
Norfolk, VA 0.47 21st -0.017 4th 5% above peers
Toledo, OH 0.45 16th -0.015 5th on par with peers
Winston-Salem, NC 0.51 28th -0.016 6th 13% above peers
Huntsville, AL 0.49 23rd -0.010 7th 8% above peers
Boise, ID 0.46 19th -0.008 8th 3% above peers
Garland, TX 0.40 2nd -0.006 9th 10% below peers
Buffalo, NY 0.50 26th -0.007 10th 12% above peers
St. Louis, MO 0.50 27th -0.001 11th 12% above peers
Plano, TX 0.45 15th -0.001 12th 1% below peers
Chandler, AZ 0.42 6th -0.001 13th 6% below peers
Fort Wayne, IN 0.44 14th +0.001 14th 1% below peers
Anchorage municipality, AK 0.43 12th +0.001 15th 4% below peers
Chula Vista, CA 0.42 9th +0.003 16th 6% below peers
Irving, TX 0.44 13th +0.004 17th 3% below peers
Lubbock, TX 0.49 24th +0.006 18th 9% above peers
Madison, WI 0.47 20th +0.007 19th 4% above peers
Frisco, TX 0.42 4th +0.009 20th 7% below peers
McKinney, TX 0.42 7th +0.009 21st 6% below peers
Port St. Lucie, FL 0.41 3rd +0.009 22nd 8% below peers
Chesapeake, VA 0.42 5th +0.009 23rd 6% below peers
Reno, NV 0.48 22nd +0.011 24th 6% above peers
Cape Coral, FL 0.43 10th +0.011 25th 5% below peers
Gilbert, AZ 0.39 1st +0.013 26th 13% below peers
St. Petersburg, FL 0.50 25th +0.016 27th 10% above peers
Scottsdale, AZ 0.52 30th +0.019 28th 16% above peers
Arlington, VA 0.46 18th +0.019 29th 2% above peers
Enterprise, NV 0.42 8th +0.022 30th 6% below peers
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B19083) through 2024 ±0.01 at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Economy

Households receiving SNAP

▼ Lower is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

SNAP fell 2.7 percentage points between the 2014-2018 and 2019-2023 surveys, from 25.0% to 22.3% - more than the combined survey margin (±1.4pp).

Broader trend
48% of similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction; 14% moved the other way. Toledo started among the weakest third of similar-size cities, so some rebound is expected; still, the improvement is sustained and worth investigating.
Longer view
Snap fell 3.4 percentage points from 2013 to 2023 (25.7% to 22.3%).
Bright spot 22.3%
20102023
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2019-2023 survey Today's rank Change2014-2018 → 2019-2023 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 12.4% -1.3pp
United States ref 11.8% -0.5pp
Boise, ID 6.2% 9th -2.9pp 1st 32% below peers
Irving, TX 6.2% 8th -2.8pp 2nd 33% below peers
St. Petersburg, FL 9.1% 15th -3.8pp 3rd 2% below peers
Garland, TX 8.8% 14th -3.6pp 4th 5% below peers
Scottsdale, AZ 2.3% 2nd -0.9pp 5th 75% below peers
Huntsville, AL 9.9% 17th -3.0pp 6th 7% above peers
Fort Wayne, IN 11.4% 21st -2.9pp 7th 23% above peers
Cape Coral, FL 7.8% 11th -1.7pp 8th 16% below peers
Gilbert, AZ 3.4% 5th -0.6pp 9th 63% below peers
St. Louis, MO 18.0% 27th -3.3pp 10th 95% above peers
McKinney, TX 2.6% 3rd -0.4pp 11th 71% below peers
Laredo, TX 23.9% 29th -3.3pp 12th 159% above peers
Buffalo, NY 29.9% 30th -3.9pp 13th 224% above peers
Toledo, OH 22.3% 28th -2.7pp 14th 141% above peers
Glendale, AZ 15.4% 24th -1.9pp 15th 67% above peers
Lubbock, TX 11.4% 20th -1.3pp 16th 23% above peers
Richmond, VA 14.6% 23rd -1.3pp 17th 58% above peers
Frisco, TX 1.8% 1st -0.1pp 18th 80% below peers
Chesapeake, VA 6.9% 10th -0.3pp 19th 25% below peers
Chandler, AZ 5.3% 7th -0.2pp 20th 43% below peers
Port St. Lucie, FL 10.7% 19th -0.1pp 21st 16% above peers
Anchorage municipality, AK 8.8% 13th +0.1pp 22nd 5% below peers
Arlington, VA 3.4% 4th +0.1pp 23rd 63% below peers
Norfolk, VA 16.3% 25th +0.9pp 24th 76% above peers
Reno, NV 12.2% 22nd +0.8pp 25th 32% above peers
Madison, WI 9.2% 16th +1.0pp 26th on par with peers
Plano, TX 3.4% 6th +0.5pp 27th 63% below peers
Winston-Salem, NC 17.2% 26th +3.0pp 28th 86% above peers
Chula Vista, CA 10.6% 18th +2.0pp 29th 14% above peers
Enterprise, NV 8.1% 12th +2.5pp 30th 13% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 117 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2018 to 2023, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EconomyHouseholds receiving SNAP
Loading tract map…
48 of 117 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Tampa, FL down 3.6pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 91% of this group · 2018-2023
  • Miami, FL down 5.6pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 89% of this group · 2018-2023
  • Jersey City, NJ down 2.9pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 85% of this group · 2018-2023
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2023 ±1.1pp at 90% confidence (2023 estimate) survey trend: 2014-2018 vs 2019-2023 surveys about this metric
See all Economy data →
Housing 6 indicators
Housing

Typical home value

No better direction Rising recently, faster than peers
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Home value rose about 6% over the 12 months ending August 2026, faster than 100% of similar-size cities.

Broader trend
Multi-year view: home value rose about 6% a year from 2021 to 2026, faster than 96% of similar-size cities.
Longer view
Home value rose about 12% a year from 2016 to 2026.
Latest
Most recent monthly reading: $133,536 in August 2026, up from $126,250 a year earlier.
Big move $133,536
2000August 2026
▸ Compare all 27 similar-size cities by change rank
Place Latest Today's rank Changelast 12 months Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref $248,803 (Aug 26) +3.4%
United States ref $368,697 (Aug 26) +1.2%
Toledo, OH $133,536 (Aug 26) 27th +5.8% 1st 63% below peers
Anchorage municipality, AK $422,785 (Aug 26) 12th +5.3% 2nd 16% above peers
Chesapeake, VA $425,375 (Aug 26) 11th +3.6% 3rd 17% above peers
Fort Wayne, IN $248,442 (Aug 26) 23rd +3.1% 4th 32% below peers
Scottsdale, AZ $851,107 (Aug 26) 1st +2.9% 5th 133% above peers
Buffalo, NY $248,828 (Aug 26) 22nd +2.9% 6th 32% below peers
Richmond, VA $364,726 (Aug 26) 14th +2.6% 7th on par with peers
Madison, WI $426,336 (Aug 26) 10th +2.5% 8th 17% above peers
Laredo, TX $222,782 (Aug 26) 24th +2.2% 9th 39% below peers
Lubbock, TX $212,039 (Aug 26) 25th +2.1% 10th 42% below peers
Reno, NV $573,360 (Aug 26) 5th +1.4% 11th 57% above peers
Norfolk, VA $312,422 (Aug 26) 17th +1.3% 12th 14% below peers
Huntsville, AL $290,244 (Aug 26) 18th +1.3% 13th 20% below peers
Louisville, KY $263,130 (Aug 26) 20th +1.2% 14th 28% below peers
Arlington, VA $806,571 (Aug 26) 3rd +0.8% 15th 121% above peers
Chula Vista, CA $849,526 (Aug 26) 2nd +0.8% 16th 133% above peers
Winston-Salem, NC $263,057 (Aug 26) 21st +0.2% 17th 28% below peers
St. Louis, MO $181,925 (Aug 26) 26th -0.3% 18th 50% below peers
Irving, TX $339,198 (Aug 26) 15th -0.3% 19th 7% below peers
Gilbert, AZ $566,873 (Aug 26) 6th -0.3% 20th 55% above peers
Chandler, AZ $515,351 (Aug 26) 7th -1.3% 21st 41% above peers
Glendale, AZ $401,811 (Aug 26) 13th -1.4% 22nd 10% above peers
Garland, TX $283,276 (Aug 26) 19th -3.3% 23rd 22% below peers
Plano, TX $493,092 (Aug 26) 8th -3.8% 24th 35% above peers
Cape Coral, FL $335,825 (Aug 26) 16th -3.9% 25th 8% below peers
Frisco, TX $638,512 (Aug 26) 4th -4.1% 26th 75% above peers
McKinney, TX $472,118 (Aug 26) 9th -5.6% 27th 29% above peers
Housing

Starter home value (bottom tier)

No better direction Rising recently, faster than peers
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Starter homes rose about 5% over the 12 months ending August 2026, faster than 96% of similar-size cities.

Broader trend
Multi-year view: starter homes rose about 4% a year from 2021 to 2026, faster than 69% of similar-size cities.
Longer view
Starter homes rose about 13% a year from 2016 to 2026.
Latest
Most recent monthly reading: $67,101 in August 2026, up from $63,676 a year earlier.
Big move $67,101
2000August 2026
▸ Compare all 27 similar-size cities by change rank
Place Latest Today's rank Changelast 12 months Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref $140,727 (Aug 26) +4.2%
United States ref $200,550 (Aug 26) +2.2%
Anchorage municipality, AK $288,422 (Aug 26) 13th +8.1% 1st 12% above peers
Toledo, OH $67,101 (Aug 26) 27th +5.4% 2nd 74% below peers
Laredo, TX $152,796 (Aug 26) 24th +5.4% 3rd 41% below peers
Buffalo, NY $168,997 (Aug 26) 21st +4.1% 4th 34% below peers
Chesapeake, VA $297,515 (Aug 26) 12th +3.6% 5th 16% above peers
Richmond, VA $252,463 (Aug 26) 16th +3.0% 6th 2% below peers
Fort Wayne, IN $160,142 (Aug 26) 23rd +2.7% 7th 38% below peers
Norfolk, VA $234,902 (Aug 26) 17th +2.1% 8th 9% below peers
Lubbock, TX $130,770 (Aug 26) 25th +2.1% 9th 49% below peers
Huntsville, AL $169,430 (Aug 26) 20th +1.7% 10th 34% below peers
Louisville, KY $172,131 (Aug 26) 19th +1.3% 11th 33% below peers
Madison, WI $312,158 (Aug 26) 11th +1.2% 12th 22% above peers
Scottsdale, AZ $474,162 (Aug 26) 2nd +1.0% 13th 85% above peers
Reno, NV $397,257 (Aug 26) 7th +0.8% 14th 55% above peers
Winston-Salem, NC $164,482 (Aug 26) 22nd +0.2% 15th 36% below peers
Chula Vista, CA $658,593 (Aug 26) 1st +0.1% 16th 156% above peers
Irving, TX $252,498 (Aug 26) 15th -0.1% 17th 2% below peers
Arlington, VA $419,929 (Aug 26) 5th -0.1% 18th 64% above peers
Gilbert, AZ $449,884 (Aug 26) 4th -1.0% 19th 75% above peers
Glendale, AZ $317,990 (Aug 26) 10th -1.5% 20th 24% above peers
Chandler, AZ $397,527 (Aug 26) 6th -2.3% 21st 55% above peers
St. Louis, MO $75,581 (Aug 26) 26th -3.3% 22nd 71% below peers
Garland, TX $223,055 (Aug 26) 18th -3.4% 23rd 13% below peers
Plano, TX $362,238 (Aug 26) 8th -3.9% 24th 41% above peers
Frisco, TX $451,788 (Aug 26) 3rd -4.4% 25th 76% above peers
Cape Coral, FL $256,816 (Aug 26) 14th -4.6% 26th on par with peers
McKinney, TX $358,925 (Aug 26) 9th -5.0% 27th 40% above peers
Housing

Homeownership rate

▲ Higher is better Improving (small)
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Homeownership rose 2.8 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 50.4% to 53.3% - more than the combined survey margin (±1.3pp). That reverses the previous span, which went down between the 2010-2014 and 2015-2019 surveys.

Broader trend
45% of similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction; 14% moved the other way.
Longer view
Homeownership fell 1.3 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (54.6% to 53.3%).
Bright spot 53.3%
20112024
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 67.2% +1.1pp
United States ref 65.2%
Port St. Lucie, FL 84.0% 1st +7.1pp 1st 36% above peers
Norfolk, VA 46.3% 24th +2.9pp 2nd 25% below peers
Buffalo, NY 43.0% 28th +2.3pp 3rd 30% below peers
Toledo, OH 53.3% 21st +2.9pp 4th 14% below peers
Enterprise, NV 63.7% 11th +2.9pp 5th 3% above peers
Chesapeake, VA 74.3% 3rd +3.0pp 6th 21% above peers
Anchorage municipality, AK 63.9% 9th +2.6pp 7th 4% above peers
Winston-Salem, NC 55.6% 20th +2.1pp 8th 10% below peers
St. Petersburg, FL 62.8% 13th +2.4pp 9th 2% above peers
Reno, NV 49.8% 23rd +1.9pp 10th 19% below peers
Boise, ID 63.2% 12th +2.3pp 11th 3% above peers
St. Louis, MO 45.3% 26th +1.6pp 12th 27% below peers
Laredo, TX 64.1% 8th +2.2pp 13th 4% above peers
Cape Coral, FL 77.2% 2nd +2.7pp 14th 25% above peers
Irving, TX 38.1% 30th +1.3pp 15th 38% below peers
Glendale, AZ 57.2% 18th +1.8pp 16th 7% below peers
Huntsville, AL 58.3% 17th +1.6pp 17th 5% below peers
Richmond, VA 43.5% 27th +0.9pp 18th 29% below peers
Chula Vista, CA 59.8% 16th +0.7pp 19th 3% below peers
Scottsdale, AZ 67.0% 5th +0.8pp 20th 9% above peers
Chandler, AZ 65.0% 7th +0.1pp 21st 6% above peers
Lubbock, TX 51.2% 22nd -0.1pp 22nd 17% below peers
Fort Wayne, IN 61.9% 14th -0.1pp 23rd on par with peers
Gilbert, AZ 73.1% 4th -0.7pp 24th 19% above peers
Garland, TX 61.6% 15th -0.9pp 25th on par with peers
Madison, WI 46.0% 25th -1.0pp 26th 25% below peers
McKinney, TX 63.8% 10th -2.0pp 27th 4% above peers
Arlington, VA 41.3% 29th -1.5pp 28th 33% below peers
Plano, TX 56.9% 19th -2.2pp 29th 8% below peers
Frisco, TX 65.9% 6th -5.7pp 30th 7% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 117 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
HousingHomeownership rate
Loading tract map…
48 of 117 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸ Break down by group Race · ACS 2024
Loading breakdown…
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±0.9pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Housing

Typical asking rent

No better direction Rising recently, faster than peers
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Rent rose about 6% over the 12 months ending August 2026, faster than 85% of similar-size cities.

Broader trend
Multi-year view: rent rose about 6% a year from 2021 to 2026, faster than 92% of similar-size cities.
Longer view
Rent rose about 7% a year from 2016 to 2026.
Latest
Most recent monthly reading: $1,128 in August 2026, up from $1,067 a year earlier.
Big move $1,128
2015August 2026
▸ Compare all 27 similar-size cities by change rank
Place Latest Today's rank Changelast 12 months Change rank History Latest vs. peers
United States ref $1,948 (Aug 26) +2.5%
Norfolk, VA $1,757 (Aug 26) 12th +7.2% 1st 7% above peers
Reno, NV $1,967 (Aug 26) 6th +7.1% 2nd 19% above peers
Chesapeake, VA $2,092 (Aug 26) 4th +6.7% 3rd 27% above peers
Fort Wayne, IN $1,271 (Aug 26) 25th +5.9% 4th 23% below peers
Toledo, OH $1,128 (Aug 26) 27th +5.7% 5th 32% below peers
Anchorage municipality, AK $1,802 (Aug 26) 10th +4.2% 6th 9% above peers
Winston-Salem, NC $1,507 (Aug 26) 19th +3.7% 7th 9% below peers
St. Louis, MO $1,330 (Aug 26) 23rd +3.5% 8th 19% below peers
Buffalo, NY $1,425 (Aug 26) 20th +2.9% 9th 14% below peers
Huntsville, AL $1,330 (Aug 26) 24th +2.7% 10th 19% below peers
Richmond, VA $1,648 (Aug 26) 14th +2.7% 11th on par with peers
Scottsdale, AZ $2,127 (Aug 26) 3rd +2.2% 12th 29% above peers
Madison, WI $1,616 (Aug 26) 15th +1.8% 13th 2% below peers
Chula Vista, CA $2,945 (Aug 26) 1st +1.5% 14th 79% above peers
Laredo, TX $1,190 (Aug 26) 26th +1.5% 15th 28% below peers
Louisville, KY $1,353 (Aug 26) 21st +1.5% 16th 18% below peers
Lubbock, TX $1,333 (Aug 26) 22nd +1.5% 17th 19% below peers
Chandler, AZ $1,868 (Aug 26) 9th +1.4% 18th 13% above peers
Cape Coral, FL $1,949 (Aug 26) 7th +1.0% 19th 18% above peers
Irving, TX $1,590 (Aug 26) 16th +0.8% 20th 4% below peers
Gilbert, AZ $2,075 (Aug 26) 5th +0.8% 21st 26% above peers
Glendale, AZ $1,507 (Aug 26) 18th +0.8% 22nd 9% below peers
Arlington, VA $2,702 (Aug 26) 2nd +0.4% 23rd 64% above peers
Plano, TX $1,742 (Aug 26) 13th +0.3% 24th 6% above peers
Garland, TX $1,556 (Aug 26) 17th -0.2% 25th 6% below peers
Frisco, TX $1,874 (Aug 26) 8th -0.9% 26th 14% above peers
McKinney, TX $1,773 (Aug 26) 11th -2.1% 27th 8% above peers
★
Housing

Housing cost-burdened households

▼ Lower is better Real improvement ★ Strong performer
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Cost burden fell 2.2 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 34.1% to 31.9% - more than the combined survey margin (±1.7pp).

Broader trend
7% of similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction; 28% moved the other way. Toledo started mid-pack and has reached a genuinely better level; worth investigating.
Longer view
Cost burden fell 7.5 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (39.4% to 31.9%).
Bright spot 31.9%
20102024
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 26.6% -0.1pp
United States ref 32.2% +0.4pp
St. Louis, MO 34.2% 15th -3.2pp 1st 4% below peers
Toledo, OH 31.9% 12th -2.2pp 2nd 10% below peers
Richmond, VA 40.6% 28th -2.2pp 3rd 14% above peers
Huntsville, AL 27.6% 3rd -1.3pp 4th 23% below peers
McKinney, TX 31.3% 10th -0.9pp 5th 12% below peers
Norfolk, VA 41.2% 29th -0.9pp 6th 16% above peers
Anchorage municipality, AK 31.1% 8th -0.7pp 7th 13% below peers
Buffalo, NY 37.7% 24th -0.8pp 8th 6% above peers
Laredo, TX 36.1% 18th -0.6pp 9th 2% above peers
Winston-Salem, NC 33.7% 14th -0.2pp 10th 5% below peers
Chesapeake, VA 32.7% 13th +0.1pp 11th 8% below peers
Port St. Lucie, FL 35.8% 17th +0.6pp 12th 1% above peers
Chula Vista, CA 44.9% 30th +1.0pp 13th 26% above peers
Chandler, AZ 27.1% 2nd +0.7pp 14th 24% below peers
Gilbert, AZ 25.3% 1st +0.6pp 15th 29% below peers
Boise, ID 30.4% 6th +1.0pp 16th 15% below peers
Arlington, VA 31.2% 9th +1.1pp 17th 12% below peers
Madison, WI 36.4% 20th +1.4pp 18th 2% above peers
Glendale, AZ 36.4% 19th +1.5pp 19th 2% above peers
Reno, NV 36.9% 23rd +1.8pp 20th 4% above peers
Garland, TX 36.9% 22nd +2.2pp 21st 4% above peers
Lubbock, TX 38.6% 25th +2.5pp 22nd 8% above peers
Frisco, TX 28.7% 5th +2.0pp 23rd 19% below peers
Scottsdale, AZ 31.6% 11th +2.3pp 24th 11% below peers
Fort Wayne, IN 27.6% 4th +2.2pp 25th 22% below peers
St. Petersburg, FL 38.6% 26th +3.2pp 26th 9% above peers
Plano, TX 30.5% 7th +3.4pp 27th 14% below peers
Enterprise, NV 35.6% 16th +5.0pp 28th on par with peers
Cape Coral, FL 39.7% 27th +5.8pp 29th 12% above peers
Irving, TX 36.8% 21st +5.4pp 30th 3% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 117 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
HousingHousing cost-burdened households
Loading tract map…
48 of 117 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

2
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started mid-pack, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • St. Louis, MO down 3.2pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 99% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Indianapolis, IN down 1.8pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 94% of this group · 2019-2024
Housing

Households without a vehicle

▼ Lower is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

No vehicle fell 2.0 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 13.7% to 11.7% - more than the combined survey margin (±1.1pp).

Broader trend
24% of similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction; 24% moved the other way. Toledo started among the weakest third of similar-size cities, so some rebound is expected; still, the improvement is sustained and worth investigating.
Longer view
No vehicle fell 2.5 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (14.2% to 11.7%).
Bright spot 11.7%
20102024
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 7.5% -0.5pp
United States ref 8.3% -0.3pp
Richmond, VA 13.0% 27th -3.5pp 1st 122% above peers
Huntsville, AL 4.9% 12th -1.3pp 2nd 17% below peers
Glendale, AZ 6.7% 19th -1.7pp 3rd 14% above peers
Buffalo, NY 22.6% 30th -5.3pp 4th 286% above peers
Winston-Salem, NC 8.2% 22nd -1.9pp 5th 40% above peers
Scottsdale, AZ 3.7% 7th -0.7pp 6th 37% below peers
Toledo, OH 11.7% 25th -2.0pp 7th 100% above peers
St. Petersburg, FL 7.3% 20th -1.0pp 8th 24% above peers
Chandler, AZ 3.3% 4th -0.4pp 9th 44% below peers
Garland, TX 4.1% 10th -0.5pp 10th 29% below peers
Reno, NV 8.4% 23rd -0.7pp 11th 43% above peers
St. Louis, MO 18.5% 29th -1.2pp 12th 216% above peers
Norfolk, VA 11.5% 24th -0.4pp 13th 97% above peers
Anchorage municipality, AK 5.8% 15th -0.2pp 14th on par with peers
Chula Vista, CA 4.5% 11th -0.1pp 15th 22% below peers
Boise, ID 5.0% 14th -0.1pp 16th 14% below peers
Lubbock, TX 6.1% 17th +0.2pp 17th 5% above peers
Madison, WI 12.2% 26th +0.8pp 18th 108% above peers
Cape Coral, FL 3.5% 6th +0.3pp 19th 41% below peers
Laredo, TX 6.6% 18th +0.7pp 20th 13% above peers
Plano, TX 3.7% 8th +0.5pp 21st 36% below peers
McKinney, TX 3.4% 5th +0.4pp 22nd 43% below peers
Arlington, VA 15.2% 28th +2.1pp 23rd 160% above peers
Fort Wayne, IN 7.8% 21st +1.2pp 24th 33% above peers
Chesapeake, VA 5.0% 13th +0.9pp 25th 15% below peers
Irving, TX 5.8% 16th +1.2pp 26th on par with peers
Port St. Lucie, FL 2.7% 2nd +0.6pp 27th 54% below peers
Gilbert, AZ 2.3% 1st +0.6pp 28th 61% below peers
Enterprise, NV 3.8% 9th +1.0pp 29th 35% below peers
Frisco, TX 3.3% 3rd +1.1pp 30th 44% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 117 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
HousingHouseholds without a vehicle
Loading tract map…
48 of 117 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Buffalo, NY down 5.3pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 94% of this group · 2019-2024
  • San Juan zona urbana, PR down 4.8pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 92% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Detroit, MI down 3.6pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 88% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B08201) through 2024 ±0.8pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
See all Housing data →
Health 3 indicators
★
Health

People without health insurance

▼ Lower is better Real improvement ★ Strong performer
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Uninsured fell 1.5 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 7.2% to 5.7% - more than the combined survey margin (±0.5pp).

Broader trend
45% of similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction; 14% moved the other way. Toledo started among the stronger third of similar-size cities and kept improving; worth investigating.
Longer view
Uninsured fell 8.5 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (14.2% to 5.7%).
Bright spot 5.7%
20132024
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 6.4% +0.3pp
United States ref 8.4% -0.4pp
Richmond, VA 8.8% 14th -3.2pp 1st 3% below peers
Norfolk, VA 9.1% 16th -2.8pp 2nd on par with peers
Boise, ID 7.1% 11th -1.9pp 3rd 22% below peers
Toledo, OH 5.7% 5th -1.5pp 4th 37% below peers
McKinney, TX 8.2% 13th -2.0pp 5th 10% below peers
Chesapeake, VA 5.8% 6th -1.4pp 6th 36% below peers
Port St. Lucie, FL 10.3% 21st -2.1pp 7th 14% above peers
Chula Vista, CA 6.4% 9th -1.0pp 8th 30% below peers
St. Louis, MO 9.3% 17th -1.5pp 9th 3% above peers
Anchorage municipality, AK 9.8% 19th -1.4pp 10th 9% above peers
Buffalo, NY 4.1% 1st -0.5pp 11th 55% below peers
Scottsdale, AZ 5.1% 3rd -0.6pp 12th 44% below peers
Arlington, VA 5.3% 4th -0.6pp 13th 42% below peers
St. Petersburg, FL 10.0% 20th -1.2pp 14th 11% above peers
Chandler, AZ 6.6% 10th -0.7pp 15th 27% below peers
Winston-Salem, NC 11.2% 24th -1.1pp 16th 24% above peers
Huntsville, AL 9.0% 15th -0.8pp 17th 1% below peers
Cape Coral, FL 11.6% 25th -1.0pp 18th 28% above peers
Frisco, TX 6.3% 8th -0.4pp 19th 30% below peers
Plano, TX 10.7% 23rd -0.5pp 20th 18% above peers
Laredo, TX 27.3% 30th -0.3pp 21st 201% above peers
Enterprise, NV 8.1% 12th +0.2pp 22nd 10% below peers
Lubbock, TX 13.7% 27th +0.6pp 23rd 50% above peers
Fort Wayne, IN 9.4% 18th +0.5pp 24th 4% above peers
Madison, WI 4.2% 2nd +0.3pp 25th 53% below peers
Garland, TX 25.1% 29th +1.7pp 26th 177% above peers
Glendale, AZ 13.4% 26th +0.9pp 27th 47% above peers
Reno, NV 10.6% 22nd +0.8pp 28th 17% above peers
Irving, TX 22.3% 28th +2.0pp 29th 146% above peers
Gilbert, AZ 6.3% 7th +1.0pp 30th 31% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 117 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
HealthPeople without health insurance
Loading tract map…
48 of 117 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸ Break down by group Race · Age · Sex · ACS 2024
Loading breakdown…
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started in the strongest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Chesapeake, VA down 1.4pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 94% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Portland, OR down 1.2pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 92% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Boston, MA down 0.6pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 90% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±0.4pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Health

Adult obesity

▼ Lower is better Level only
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Adult obesity is about 50% above the peer median.

45.0%
20202022
▸ Compare all 31 similar-size cities best first
Place Latest Today's rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 39.5%
United States ref 33.4%
Arlington, VA 24.9% 1st 23% below peers
Frisco, TX 26.6% 2nd 17% below peers
Chula Vista, CA 26.9% 3rd 16% below peers
Plano, TX 28.2% 4th 12% below peers
Enterprise, NV 28.7% 5th 11% below peers
Scottsdale, AZ 28.8% 6th 11% below peers
Boise, ID 29.4% 7th 9% below peers
Gilbert, AZ 29.8% 8th 7% below peers
Reno, NV 30.1% 9th 7% below peers
Chandler, AZ 30.2% 10th 6% below peers
Anchorage municipality, AK 30.4% 11th 6% below peers
Irving, TX 30.7% 12th 5% below peers
Cape Coral, FL 30.7% 13th 5% below peers
McKinney, TX 30.9% 14th 4% below peers
Madison, WI 32.1% 15th on par with peers
St. Petersburg, FL 32.2% 16th on par with peers
Port St. Lucie, FL 33.4% 17th 4% above peers
Garland, TX 33.6% 18th 4% above peers
Winston-Salem, NC 34.0% 19th 6% above peers
Richmond, VA 35.3% 20th 10% above peers
Glendale, AZ 35.9% 21st 11% above peers
Lubbock, TX 36.6% 22nd 14% above peers
St. Louis, MO 37.4% 23rd 16% above peers
Huntsville, AL 37.5% 24th 16% above peers
Buffalo, NY 38.4% 25th 19% above peers
Fort Wayne, IN 39.4% 26th 22% above peers
Norfolk, VA 39.4% 27th 22% above peers
Louisville, KY 39.9% 28th 24% above peers
Chesapeake, VA 40.4% 29th 25% above peers
Laredo, TX 42.3% 30th 31% above peers
Toledo, OH 45.0% 31st 40% above peers
CDC PLACES through 2022 modeled tract map about this metric
★
Health

Children without health insurance

▼ Lower is better Real improvement ★ National leader
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Child uninsured fell 1.2 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 3.3% to 2.1% - more than the combined survey margin (±0.8pp).

Broader trend
10% of similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction; 10% moved the other way. Toledo started among the stronger third of similar-size cities and kept improving; worth investigating.
Longer view
Child uninsured fell 2.5 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (4.6% to 2.1%).
Bright spot 2.1%
20122024
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 4.9% +0.5pp
United States ref 5.5% +0.4pp
Enterprise, NV 3.7% 8th -2.2pp 1st 31% below peers
Scottsdale, AZ 3.9% 9th -2.1pp 2nd 28% below peers
Toledo, OH 2.1% 2nd -1.2pp 3rd 60% below peers
Huntsville, AL 3.0% 5th -1.2pp 4th 43% below peers
McKinney, TX 6.1% 18th -1.6pp 5th 13% above peers
St. Petersburg, FL 5.0% 13th -1.1pp 6th 7% below peers
Port St. Lucie, FL 6.4% 20th -1.4pp 7th 19% above peers
Chesapeake, VA 3.7% 7th -0.8pp 8th 32% below peers
Norfolk, VA 5.5% 17th -1.0pp 9th 1% above peers
Reno, NV 6.8% 21st -1.2pp 10th 27% above peers
Chandler, AZ 5.4% 16th -0.9pp 11th on par with peers
Anchorage municipality, AK 7.3% 23rd -0.8pp 12th 37% above peers
Frisco, TX 4.0% 10th -0.4pp 13th 25% below peers
Richmond, VA 6.2% 19th -0.2pp 14th 16% above peers
St. Louis, MO 4.9% 11th -0.2pp 15th 9% below peers
Laredo, TX 14.1% 28th -0.2pp 16th 163% above peers
Chula Vista, CA 3.6% 6th -0.0pp 17th 32% below peers
Glendale, AZ 9.9% 25th +0.3pp 18th 84% above peers
Arlington, VA 3.0% 4th +0.1pp 19th 44% below peers
Winston-Salem, NC 5.2% 15th +0.4pp 20th 2% below peers
Garland, TX 18.0% 30th +1.5pp 21st 236% above peers
Plano, TX 9.1% 24th +0.8pp 22nd 70% above peers
Gilbert, AZ 5.1% 14th +0.4pp 23rd 4% below peers
Boise, ID 4.9% 12th +0.5pp 24th 9% below peers
Irving, TX 15.8% 29th +2.0pp 25th 194% above peers
Buffalo, NY 1.9% 1st +0.3pp 26th 64% below peers
Cape Coral, FL 10.5% 26th +1.9pp 27th 96% above peers
Madison, WI 2.8% 3rd +0.5pp 28th 48% below peers
Lubbock, TX 10.7% 27th +2.3pp 29th 100% above peers
Fort Wayne, IN 7.3% 22nd +1.7pp 30th 36% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 117 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
HealthChildren without health insurance
Loading tract map…
48 of 117 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

1
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started in the strongest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Portland, OR down 0.9pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 99% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B27001) through 2024 ±0.5pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
See all Health data →
Education 3 indicators
Education

Adults with a bachelor's degree or higher

▲ Higher is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

College attainment rose 3.6 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 18.3% to 21.9% - more than the combined survey margin (±1.1pp).

Broader trend
93% of similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction. Toledo started among the weakest third of similar-size cities, so some rebound is expected; still, the improvement is sustained and worth investigating.
Longer view
College attainment rose 4.2 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (17.7% to 21.9%).
Bright spot 21.9%
20102024
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 31.5% +3.2pp
United States ref 35.7% +3.5pp
Port St. Lucie, FL 28.1% 25th +5.5pp 1st 29% below peers
Toledo, OH 21.9% 30th +3.6pp 2nd 45% below peers
St. Petersburg, FL 42.6% 12th +6.9pp 3rd 8% above peers
Norfolk, VA 33.5% 21st +4.6pp 4th 15% below peers
Cape Coral, FL 26.9% 26th +3.6pp 5th 32% below peers
Richmond, VA 45.6% 11th +6.0pp 6th 16% above peers
Winston-Salem, NC 39.5% 15th +5.0pp 7th on par with peers
Boise, ID 47.5% 9th +5.9pp 8th 20% above peers
McKinney, TX 54.1% 6th +6.7pp 9th 37% above peers
Laredo, TX 22.0% 29th +2.6pp 10th 44% below peers
St. Louis, MO 41.1% 14th +4.8pp 11th 4% above peers
Chula Vista, CA 33.2% 22nd +3.8pp 12th 16% below peers
Buffalo, NY 31.2% 23rd +3.5pp 13th 21% below peers
Enterprise, NV 35.7% 19th +4.0pp 14th 10% below peers
Glendale, AZ 24.3% 28th +2.7pp 15th 39% below peers
Irving, TX 42.4% 13th +4.7pp 16th 7% above peers
Lubbock, TX 35.1% 20th +3.6pp 17th 11% below peers
Chesapeake, VA 36.9% 17th +3.7pp 18th 7% below peers
Garland, TX 25.4% 27th +2.5pp 19th 36% below peers
Reno, NV 36.8% 18th +3.2pp 20th 7% below peers
Gilbert, AZ 48.2% 7th +3.8pp 21st 22% above peers
Anchorage municipality, AK 38.6% 16th +2.5pp 22nd 2% below peers
Huntsville, AL 47.2% 10th +3.1pp 23rd 19% above peers
Chandler, AZ 47.8% 8th +3.0pp 24th 21% above peers
Frisco, TX 67.5% 2nd +4.1pp 25th 71% above peers
Scottsdale, AZ 61.9% 3rd +3.5pp 26th 57% above peers
Plano, TX 60.5% 4th +3.3pp 27th 53% above peers
Fort Wayne, IN 29.0% 24th +1.2pp 28th 27% below peers
Madison, WI 59.9% 5th +2.0pp 29th 52% above peers
Arlington, VA 77.1% 1st +1.8pp 30th 95% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 117 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EducationAdults with a bachelor's degree or higher
Loading tract map…
48 of 117 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸ Break down by group Sex · ACS 2024
Loading breakdown…
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Newark, NJ up 4.5pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Cleveland, OH up 4.9pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 99% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Miami, FL up 7.8pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 97% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±0.9pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Education

Children ages 3-4 enrolled in preschool

▲ Higher is better No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Preschool enrollment changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (38.3% then, 37.1% now; margin ±6.5pp).

Broader trend
38% of similar-size cities show a real change in either direction.
Longer view
Preschool enrollment fell 3.0 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (40.1% to 37.1%).
Needs attention 37.1%
20112024
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 41.2% -4.2pp
United States ref 45.5%
St. Petersburg, FL 69.9% 1st +11.4pp 1st 58% above peers
McKinney, TX 62.0% 2nd +6.9pp 2nd 40% above peers
Chula Vista, CA 51.1% 8th +4.3pp 3rd 16% above peers
Boise, ID 45.4% 14th +2.6pp 4th 3% above peers
Irving, TX 36.6% 24th +1.7pp 5th 17% below peers
Richmond, VA 48.8% 10th +2.1pp 6th 10% above peers
Madison, WI 51.4% 7th +2.1pp 7th 16% above peers
Fort Wayne, IN 39.8% 19th +1.1pp 8th 10% below peers
St. Louis, MO 53.8% 6th +1.0pp 9th 22% above peers
Chandler, AZ 46.9% 13th +0.8pp 10th 6% above peers
Buffalo, NY 44.2% 15th -0.1pp 11th on par with peers
Toledo, OH 37.1% 22nd -1.2pp 12th 16% below peers
Port St. Lucie, FL 47.5% 12th -2.0pp 13th 7% above peers
Plano, TX 47.7% 11th -2.1pp 14th 8% above peers
Garland, TX 31.5% 29th -2.1pp 15th 29% below peers
Anchorage municipality, AK 34.2% 26th -2.4pp 16th 23% below peers
Scottsdale, AZ 54.5% 5th -5.6pp 17th 23% above peers
Gilbert, AZ 50.1% 9th -6.6pp 18th 13% above peers
Winston-Salem, NC 32.6% 28th -4.5pp 19th 26% below peers
Frisco, TX 55.6% 4th -8.7pp 20th 26% above peers
Enterprise, NV 36.0% 25th -5.7pp 21st 19% below peers
Lubbock, TX 39.6% 20th -7.3pp 22nd 10% below peers
Reno, NV 36.8% 23rd -7.2pp 23rd 17% below peers
Chesapeake, VA 42.0% 17th -8.4pp 24th 5% below peers
Norfolk, VA 42.3% 16th -8.7pp 25th 4% below peers
Huntsville, AL 41.2% 18th -11.0pp 26th 7% below peers
Arlington, VA 55.7% 3rd -15.9pp 27th 26% above peers
Laredo, TX 33.1% 27th -14.3pp 28th 25% below peers
Glendale, AZ 22.2% 30th -10.0pp 29th 50% below peers
Cape Coral, FL 38.2% 21st -17.2pp 30th 13% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 117 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EducationChildren ages 3-4 enrolled in preschool
Loading tract map…
47 of 117 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 13 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Corpus Christi, TX up 8.1pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • El Paso, TX up 6.8pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 98% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Aurora, CO up 6.0pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 95% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±4.7pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Education

Teens not in school and not working

▼ Lower is better No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Disconnected youth changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (9.4% then, 12.0% now; margin ±2.8pp).

Broader trend
24% of similar-size cities show a real change in either direction.
Longer view
Disconnected youth rose 3.7 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (8.3% to 12.0%).
Needs attention 12.0%
20102024
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 6.4% +0.7pp
United States ref 6.9% +0.3pp
Arlington, VA 4.3% 6th -5.9pp 1st 39% below peers
Chandler, AZ 4.3% 5th -3.9pp 2nd 40% below peers
St. Louis, MO 6.7% 12th -3.3pp 3rd 6% below peers
Huntsville, AL 4.0% 3rd -1.8pp 4th 43% below peers
Fort Wayne, IN 7.1% 17th -2.3pp 5th on par with peers
Laredo, TX 7.8% 21st -1.9pp 6th 10% above peers
Glendale, AZ 8.4% 24th -1.9pp 7th 18% above peers
Chesapeake, VA 5.1% 9th -1.1pp 8th 29% below peers
Winston-Salem, NC 5.3% 10th -1.0pp 9th 25% below peers
Richmond, VA 4.9% 7th -0.3pp 10th 31% below peers
Madison, WI 2.2% 1st -0.1pp 11th 69% below peers
Cape Coral, FL 7.1% 16th -0.2pp 12th on par with peers
Chula Vista, CA 4.9% 8th -0.1pp 13th 31% below peers
Anchorage municipality, AK 8.4% 25th +0.1pp 14th 19% above peers
Reno, NV 6.7% 13th +0.2pp 15th 6% below peers
Lubbock, TX 4.2% 4th +0.3pp 16th 40% below peers
Enterprise, NV 7.8% 22nd +1.0pp 17th 10% above peers
Boise, ID 5.7% 11th +0.7pp 18th 20% below peers
Frisco, TX 3.1% 2nd +0.5pp 19th 56% below peers
Toledo, OH 12.0% 30th +2.6pp 20th 68% above peers
Norfolk, VA 7.1% 18th +1.8pp 21st on par with peers
Gilbert, AZ 6.7% 14th +1.9pp 22nd 6% below peers
St. Petersburg, FL 7.2% 19th +2.1pp 23rd 1% above peers
Plano, TX 7.1% 15th +2.1pp 24th 1% below peers
Buffalo, NY 9.9% 27th +3.1pp 25th 40% above peers
Garland, TX 10.1% 29th +3.2pp 26th 42% above peers
McKinney, TX 7.5% 20th +2.9pp 27th 6% above peers
Irving, TX 10.1% 28th +4.4pp 28th 42% above peers
Port St. Lucie, FL 8.1% 23rd +3.7pp 29th 14% above peers
Scottsdale, AZ 9.1% 26th +4.2pp 30th 29% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 117 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EducationTeens not in school and not working
Loading tract map…
50 of 117 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 2 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Orlando, FL down 4.4pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Kansas City, MO down 3.3pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 98% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Tulsa, OK down 3.4pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 96% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B14005) through 2024 ±2.3pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
See all Education data →
Demographics 4 indicators
Demographics

Population

No better direction Falling
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Population fell about 3% between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 276,614 to 267,463 - more than the combined survey margin (±112).

Broader trend
7% of similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction; 72% moved the other way.
Longer view
Population fell about 6% from 2014 to 2024 (283,932 to 267,463).
267,463
20102024
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Enterprise, NV 240,464 21st +41% 1st 6% below peers
Frisco, TX 219,304 28th +24% 2nd 14% below peers
Port St. Lucie, FL 232,491 25th +23% 3rd 9% below peers
Cape Coral, FL 215,536 29th +17% 4th 16% below peers
McKinney, TX 210,600 30th +16% 5th 18% below peers
Gilbert, AZ 280,262 4th +15% 6th 9% above peers
Huntsville, AL 222,791 27th +14% 7th 13% below peers
Chandler, AZ 280,136 5th +11% 8th 9% above peers
Reno, NV 273,212 9th +11% 9th 7% above peers
Madison, WI 278,001 6th +9% 10th 8% above peers
Buffalo, NY 276,854 7th +8% 11th 8% above peers
Irving, TX 256,492 15th +7% 12th on par with peers
Chesapeake, VA 252,583 17th +5% 13th 2% below peers
Boise, ID 237,242 22nd +5% 14th 8% below peers
Lubbock, TX 264,814 12th +4% 15th 3% above peers
Garland, TX 246,844 19th +4% 16th 4% below peers
Winston-Salem, NC 252,037 18th +3% 17th 2% below peers
Chula Vista, CA 276,375 8th +3% 18th 8% above peers
Glendale, AZ 252,833 16th +2% 19th 1% below peers
Plano, TX 290,594 1st +1% 20th 13% above peers
Richmond, VA 229,359 26th +1% 21st 11% below peers
Arlington, VA 236,254 23rd +1% 22nd 8% below peers
Fort Wayne, IN 268,589 10th +1% 23rd 5% above peers
St. Petersburg, FL 262,732 13th +1% 24th 2% above peers
Laredo, TX 257,619 14th -1% 25th on par with peers
Anchorage municipality, AK 288,976 2nd -2% 26th 13% above peers
Scottsdale, AZ 243,821 20th -3% 27th 5% below peers
Toledo, OH 267,463 11th -3% 28th 4% above peers
Norfolk, VA 233,596 24th -4% 29th 9% below peers
St. Louis, MO 288,512 3rd -6% 30th 12% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 117 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: blue tracts rose, orange tracts fell. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
DemographicsPopulation
Loading tract map…
48 of 117 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±87 at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Demographics

Children's share of the population

No better direction Falling
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Children fell 0.6 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 23.5% to 22.8% - more than the combined survey margin (±0.5pp).

Broader trend
69% of similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction; 7% moved the other way.
Longer view
Children fell 0.6 percentage points from 2017 to 2024 (23.4% to 22.9%).
22.8%
20172024
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 22.0% -0.3pp
United States ref 21.9% -0.7pp
Norfolk, VA 20.4% 20th +0.6pp 1st 11% below peers
Arlington, VA 18.0% 25th +0.2pp 2nd 21% below peers
Chesapeake, VA 24.2% 10th -0.1pp 3rd 6% above peers
Richmond, VA 17.5% 27th -0.1pp 4th 23% below peers
Madison, WI 16.1% 28th -0.2pp 5th 29% below peers
Buffalo, NY 22.3% 17th -0.3pp 6th 2% below peers
Lubbock, TX 22.9% 13th -0.4pp 7th on par with peers
Irving, TX 26.2% 4th -0.7pp 8th 15% above peers
Toledo, OH 22.9% 14th -0.6pp 9th on par with peers
Cape Coral, FL 17.6% 26th -0.6pp 10th 23% below peers
Chula Vista, CA 24.5% 8th -0.8pp 11th 7% above peers
Winston-Salem, NC 23.0% 12th -0.8pp 12th 1% above peers
Fort Wayne, IN 24.3% 9th -1.0pp 13th 7% above peers
Anchorage municipality, AK 23.5% 11th -1.0pp 14th 3% above peers
Glendale, AZ 24.5% 7th -1.0pp 15th 8% above peers
St. Petersburg, FL 16.1% 29th -0.9pp 16th 30% below peers
Laredo, TX 31.3% 1st -1.8pp 17th 37% above peers
St. Louis, MO 18.3% 24th -1.1pp 18th 20% below peers
Huntsville, AL 19.4% 22nd -1.2pp 19th 15% below peers
Gilbert, AZ 28.1% 2nd -1.8pp 20th 23% above peers
Garland, TX 25.5% 6th -1.7pp 21st 12% above peers
Reno, NV 19.9% 21st -1.4pp 22nd 13% below peers
Port St. Lucie, FL 20.4% 19th -1.5pp 23rd 10% below peers
Plano, TX 20.9% 18th -1.6pp 24th 8% below peers
Enterprise, NV 22.6% 16th -1.9pp 25th 1% below peers
McKinney, TX 26.2% 5th -2.5pp 26th 15% above peers
Chandler, AZ 22.8% 15th -2.4pp 27th on par with peers
Scottsdale, AZ 13.9% 30th -1.6pp 28th 39% below peers
Frisco, TX 27.2% 3rd -3.2pp 29th 20% above peers
Boise, ID 18.5% 23rd -3.3pp 30th 19% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 117 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: blue tracts rose, orange tracts fell. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
DemographicsChildren's share of the population
Loading tract map…
48 of 117 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±0.4pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Demographics

Children in single-parent families

No better direction Rising
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Single-parent rose 3.8 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 58.0% to 61.7% - more than the combined survey margin (±3.5pp).

Broader trend
14% of similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction; 14% moved the other way.
Longer view
Single-parent rose 7.1 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (54.7% to 61.7%).
Big move 61.7%
20102024
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 32.6% -1.0pp
United States ref 29.9% -0.2pp
Chandler, AZ 27.9% 21st +5.1pp 1st 11% below peers
Gilbert, AZ 19.9% 26th +3.5pp 2nd 37% below peers
Scottsdale, AZ 26.6% 23rd +3.7pp 3rd 16% below peers
Anchorage municipality, AK 31.6% 15th +4.2pp 4th on par with peers
Laredo, TX 39.6% 8th +4.4pp 5th 26% above peers
Madison, WI 31.3% 16th +3.5pp 6th 1% below peers
Enterprise, NV 28.5% 20th +2.9pp 7th 10% below peers
Cape Coral, FL 29.0% 19th +2.0pp 8th 8% below peers
Reno, NV 38.0% 9th +2.6pp 9th 20% above peers
Port St. Lucie, FL 31.6% 14th +2.1pp 10th on par with peers
Toledo, OH 61.7% 1st +3.8pp 11th 96% above peers
Arlington, VA 17.4% 29th +0.9pp 12th 45% below peers
Plano, TX 19.4% 27th +0.7pp 13th 38% below peers
Garland, TX 31.1% 17th +0.5pp 14th 2% below peers
Fort Wayne, IN 40.3% 7th +0.5pp 15th 28% above peers
Boise, ID 27.2% 22nd +0.3pp 16th 14% below peers
Norfolk, VA 46.5% 5th -0.5pp 17th 47% above peers
McKinney, TX 17.8% 28th -0.2pp 18th 44% below peers
Winston-Salem, NC 41.9% 6th -1.3pp 19th 33% above peers
Chesapeake, VA 30.1% 18th -1.1pp 20th 5% below peers
Richmond, VA 55.8% 2nd -3.3pp 21st 77% above peers
Buffalo, NY 52.2% 3rd -3.6pp 22nd 66% above peers
St. Louis, MO 52.2% 4th -4.0pp 23rd 65% above peers
Lubbock, TX 35.6% 11th -2.8pp 24th 13% above peers
Huntsville, AL 35.6% 12th -3.2pp 25th 13% above peers
Frisco, TX 11.9% 30th -1.1pp 26th 62% below peers
Irving, TX 25.9% 24th -3.4pp 27th 18% below peers
Chula Vista, CA 23.6% 25th -3.3pp 28th 25% below peers
St. Petersburg, FL 36.0% 10th -5.7pp 29th 14% above peers
Glendale, AZ 33.9% 13th -7.3pp 30th 7% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 117 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: blue tracts rose, orange tracts fell. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
DemographicsChildren in single-parent families
Loading tract map…
48 of 117 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B09002) through 2024 ±2.8pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Demographics

Young children with all parents in the labor force

No better direction No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Working parents changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (73.9% then, 69.3% now; margin ±6.3pp).

Broader trend
21% of similar-size cities show a real change in either direction.
Longer view
Working parents fell 2.5 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (71.8% to 69.3%).
69.3%
20102024
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 69.7% -0.2pp
United States ref 68.1% +1.9pp
Gilbert, AZ 70.7% 11th +15.2pp 1st 2% above peers
Frisco, TX 70.6% 12th +8.8pp 2nd 2% above peers
Buffalo, NY 65.5% 21st +7.7pp 3rd 5% below peers
Scottsdale, AZ 69.0% 15th +6.8pp 4th on par with peers
Cape Coral, FL 73.3% 5th +6.6pp 5th 6% above peers
McKinney, TX 69.2% 14th +5.9pp 6th on par with peers
Chula Vista, CA 71.4% 9th +5.5pp 7th 3% above peers
Laredo, TX 56.3% 29th +4.2pp 8th 19% below peers
Chandler, AZ 67.6% 20th +4.2pp 9th 2% below peers
Plano, TX 59.9% 28th +3.3pp 10th 13% below peers
Anchorage municipality, AK 68.5% 17th +3.2pp 11th 1% below peers
Winston-Salem, NC 65.2% 23rd +2.3pp 12th 6% below peers
Huntsville, AL 70.8% 10th +2.5pp 13th 3% above peers
Norfolk, VA 67.7% 19th +1.6pp 14th 2% below peers
Enterprise, NV 73.0% 6th +1.6pp 15th 6% above peers
Arlington, VA 74.8% 3rd +1.0pp 16th 8% above peers
St. Petersburg, FL 72.6% 8th +0.8pp 17th 5% above peers
Reno, NV 75.1% 2nd +0.3pp 18th 9% above peers
Glendale, AZ 63.5% 25th -0.5pp 19th 8% below peers
Madison, WI 75.9% 1st -0.7pp 20th 10% above peers
Garland, TX 60.7% 27th -0.6pp 21st 12% below peers
Lubbock, TX 67.8% 18th -1.0pp 22nd 2% below peers
Chesapeake, VA 65.3% 22nd -1.4pp 23rd 5% below peers
St. Louis, MO 74.5% 4th -2.2pp 24th 8% above peers
Port St. Lucie, FL 73.0% 7th -2.8pp 25th 6% above peers
Boise, ID 63.9% 24th -3.2pp 26th 7% below peers
Toledo, OH 69.3% 13th -4.5pp 27th on par with peers
Richmond, VA 68.7% 16th -5.6pp 28th 1% below peers
Fort Wayne, IN 62.2% 26th -8.3pp 29th 10% below peers
Irving, TX 53.4% 30th -8.5pp 30th 23% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 117 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: blue tracts rose, orange tracts fell. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
DemographicsYoung children with all parents in the labor force
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50 of 117 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 3 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B23008) through 2024 ±4.9pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
See all Demographics data →