DataWorks Commons
Long Beach, CA
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450,469 people (2025) 250k-1m West

Bright spots 12 indicators

Where Long Beach, CA shows a real improvement in recent years, or stands clearly ahead of its peers. How this is calculated →

What needs attention 6 indicators

Where Long Beach, CA shows a real worsening in recent years, or trails its peers clearly. How this is calculated →

Big moves & big gaps 5 indicators

Real movement and big differences from peers, where neither direction is simply good or bad. Biggest relative change first; big-gap cards come last. How this is calculated →

All indicators

Public Safety 4 indicators
Public Safety

Violent crime rate

▼ Lower is better Improving recently, leading peers
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Violent crime fell about 16% over the 12 months ending August 2026, faster than 82% of similar-size cities.

Broader trend
Multi-year view: violent crime is about 32% higher than in 2021 (535 then, 706 now), but the direction has turned: after peaking near 824 in 2024 it has fallen each year since.
Longer view
Violent crime rose about 4% a year from 2018 to 2026.
Latest
Most recent monthly reading: 687 in August 2026, down from 817 a year earlier.
Bright spot 687 per 100k
2018August 2026
▸ Compare all 18 similar-size cities by change rank
Each place's latest 12 months compares against its prior 12. significant improvement · significant worsening · within chance fluctuation for counts this size (Poisson test at 90%; these are administrative tallies, so the test covers event randomness, not survey error). Reporting practices vary by agency, so comparisons are indicative, not definitive; see crime data cautions.
Place Latestper 100k Changelast 12 months Sig. Change rank History
U.S. (RTCI sample) ref 456 (Apr 26) -9.3%
Arlington, TX 355 (Aug 26) -19.8% 1st
Tucson, AZ 479 (Aug 26) -18.5% 2nd
Cleveland, OH 1,310 (Aug 26) -17.9% 3rd
Long Beach, CA 687 (Aug 26) -15.9% 4th
Miami, FL 310 (Aug 26) -15.3% 5th
Aurora, CO 705 (Aug 26) -14.9% 6th
Milwaukee, WI 1,092 (Jul 26) -11.5% 7th
Raleigh, NC 388 (Aug 26) -11.4% 8th
Kansas City, MO 1,321 (Aug 26) -7.6% 9th
Tulsa, OK 839 (Apr 26) -7.4% 10th
Fresno, CA 675 (Jun 26) -7.1% 11th
Sacramento, CA 618 (Aug 26) -5.8% 12th
Minneapolis, MN 1,028 (Aug 26) -3.2% 13th
Colorado Springs, CO 677 (Aug 26) -2.8% 14th
Omaha, NE 349 (Aug 26) -2.8% 15th
Mesa, AZ 436 (Aug 26) -1.4% 16th
Bakersfield, CA 498 (Aug 26) +3.8% 17th
Virginia Beach, VA 111 (Aug 26) +25.8% 18th
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started in the strongest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Because this metric moves monthly, each listed city also held or improved over its own most recent 12 months (shown on each row), and the list is ordered by that recent movement. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Urban Honolulu, HI down about 8% over the 12 months ending August 2026 · sustained: down about 7% a year · 2021-2026
  • Chandler, AZ down about 6% over the 12 months ending August 2026 · sustained: down about 8% a year · 2021-2026
  • Irving, TX down about 4% over the 12 months ending August 2026 · sustained: down about 6% a year · 2021-2026
★
Public Safety

Property crime rate

▼ Lower is better Improving recently, leading peers ★ Strong performer
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Property crime fell about 18% over the 12 months ending August 2026, faster than 83% of similar-size cities.

Broader trend
Multi-year view: property crime is about 17% lower than in 2021 (2,828 then, 2,339 now), but the direction has turned: after peaking near 3,314 in 2024 it has fallen each year since.
Longer view
Property crime rose about 3% a year from 2018 to 2026.
Latest
Most recent monthly reading: 2,306 in August 2026, down from 2,828 a year earlier.
Bright spot 2,306 per 100k
2018August 2026
▸ Compare all 19 similar-size cities by change rank
Each place's latest 12 months compares against its prior 12. significant improvement · significant worsening · within chance fluctuation for counts this size (Poisson test at 90%; these are administrative tallies, so the test covers event randomness, not survey error). Reporting practices vary by agency, so comparisons are indicative, not definitive; see crime data cautions.
Place Latestper 100k Changelast 12 months Sig. Change rank History
U.S. (RTCI sample) ref 1,987 (Apr 26) -12.2%
Tucson, AZ 2,223 (Aug 26) -27.1% 1st
Kansas City, MO 3,275 (Aug 26) -22.4% 2nd
Cleveland, OH 3,881 (Aug 26) -20.1% 3rd
Long Beach, CA 2,306 (Aug 26) -18.5% 4th
Arlington, TX 1,785 (Aug 26) -18.4% 5th
Mesa, AZ 1,159 (Aug 26) -16.2% 6th
Raleigh, NC 2,113 (Aug 26) -16.1% 7th
Miami, FL 2,201 (Aug 26) -15.2% 8th
Atlanta, GA 3,121 (Apr 26) -14.8% 9th
Milwaukee, WI 2,220 (Jul 26) -14.7% 10th
Aurora, CO 2,330 (Aug 26) -13.7% 11th
Omaha, NE 2,600 (Aug 26) -12.5% 12th
Sacramento, CA 2,062 (Aug 26) -11.9% 13th
Virginia Beach, VA 1,397 (Aug 26) -11.9% 14th
Fresno, CA 2,542 (Jun 26) -10.4% 15th
Colorado Springs, CO 2,999 (Aug 26) -8.7% 16th
Tulsa, OK 3,284 (Apr 26) -6.7% 17th
Minneapolis, MN 4,731 (Aug 26) -1.0% 18th
Bakersfield, CA 2,266 (Aug 26) +7.3% 19th
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started in the strongest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Because this metric moves monthly, each listed city also held or improved over its own most recent 12 months (shown on each row), and the list is ordered by that recent movement. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Irvine, CA down about 27% over the 12 months ending August 2026 · sustained: down about 6% a year · 2021-2026
  • Irving, TX down about 21% over the 12 months ending August 2026 · sustained: down about 6% a year · 2021-2026
  • Arlington, TX down about 18% over the 12 months ending August 2026 · sustained: down about 4% a year · 2021-2026
Public Safety

Homicide rate

▼ Lower is better Improving recently, trailing peers
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Homicides fell about 7% over the 12 months ending August 2026, slower than 85% of similar-size cities.

Broader trend
Multi-year view: homicide is about 20% lower than in 2021 (7 then, 6 now), but the direction has turned: after peaking near 9 in 2022 it has fallen mostly since.
Longer view
Homicide fell about 1% a year from 2018 to 2026.
Latest
Most recent reading: 26 homicides in the 12 months ending August 2026, down from 28 in the prior 12 months. That is 6 per 100,000 residents; peer comparisons use the rate.
Needs attention 26 homicides
2018August 2026
▸ Compare all 21 similar-size cities by change rank
Each place's latest 12 months compares against its prior 12. significant improvement · significant worsening · within chance fluctuation for counts this size (Poisson test at 90%; these are administrative tallies, so the test covers event randomness, not survey error). Reporting practices vary by agency, so comparisons are indicative, not definitive; see crime data cautions.
Place Latestper 100k Changelast 12 months Sig. Change rank History
U.S. (RTCI sample) ref 6 (Apr 26) -17.8%
Arlington, TX 2 (Aug 26) -55.6% 1st
Tucson, AZ 6 (Aug 26) -46.8% 2nd
Aurora, CO 5 (Aug 26) -42.9% 3rd
Sacramento, CA 5 (Aug 26) -40.4% 4th
Raleigh, NC 3 (Aug 26) -37.6% 5th
Miami, FL 3 (Aug 26) -34.9% 6th
Bakersfield, CA 4 (Aug 26) -34.5% 7th
Colorado Springs, CO 3 (Aug 26) -31.9% 8th
Albuquerque, NM 10 (Aug 26) -31.7% 9th
Minneapolis, MN 12 (Aug 26) -25.4% 10th
Fresno, CA 4 (Jun 26) -22.6% 11th
Tulsa, OK 6 (Apr 26) -21.8% 12th
Kansas City, MO 22 (Aug 26) -19.4% 13th
Atlanta, GA 17 (Aug 26) -17.8% 14th
Milwaukee, WI 21 (Jul 26) -16.3% 15th
Virginia Beach, VA 3 (Aug 26) -14.6% 16th
Mesa, AZ 3 (Aug 26) -11.1% 17th
Long Beach, CA 6 (Aug 26) -7.2% 18th
New Orleans, LA 28 (Aug 26) -4.8% 19th
Omaha, NE 4 (Aug 26) -4.4% 20th
Cleveland, OH 27 (Aug 26) -3.0% 21st
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started in the strongest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Because this metric moves monthly, each listed city also held or improved over its own most recent 12 months (shown on each row), and the list is ordered by that recent movement. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Henderson, NV down about 100% over the 12 months ending August 2026 · sustained: down about 14% a year · 2021-2026
  • Laredo, TX down about 56% over the 12 months ending August 2026 · sustained: down about 11% a year · 2021-2026
  • Colorado Springs, CO down about 32% over the 12 months ending August 2026 · sustained: down about 8% a year · 2021-2026
Public Safety

Motor vehicle theft rate

▼ Lower is better Improving recently, trailing peers
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Vehicle theft fell about 18% over the 12 months ending August 2026, slower than 78% of similar-size cities.

Broader trend
Multi-year view: vehicle theft is about 8% lower than in 2021 (677 then, 626 now), but the direction has turned: after peaking near 1,120 in 2024 it has fallen each year since.
Longer view
Vehicle theft rose about 9% a year from 2018 to 2026.
Latest
Most recent monthly reading: 610 in August 2026, down from 746 a year earlier.
Needs attention 610 per 100k
2018August 2026
▸ Compare all 19 similar-size cities by change rank
Each place's latest 12 months compares against its prior 12. significant improvement · significant worsening · within chance fluctuation for counts this size (Poisson test at 90%; these are administrative tallies, so the test covers event randomness, not survey error). Reporting practices vary by agency, so comparisons are indicative, not definitive; see crime data cautions.
Place Latestper 100k Changelast 12 months Sig. Change rank History
U.S. (RTCI sample) ref 303 (Apr 26) -22.2%
Tucson, AZ 193 (Aug 26) -51.6% 1st
Colorado Springs, CO 294 (Aug 26) -45.0% 2nd
Aurora, CO 370 (Aug 26) -42.4% 3rd
Kansas City, MO 843 (Aug 26) -36.8% 4th
Arlington, TX 180 (Aug 26) -35.2% 5th
Miami, FL 196 (Aug 26) -34.3% 6th
Atlanta, GA 469 (Apr 26) -31.6% 7th
Omaha, NE 365 (Aug 26) -30.4% 8th
Milwaukee, WI 703 (Jul 26) -28.7% 9th
Raleigh, NC 269 (Aug 26) -27.2% 10th
Cleveland, OH 781 (Aug 26) -27.2% 11th
Mesa, AZ 131 (Aug 26) -25.3% 12th
Fresno, CA 405 (Jun 26) -22.4% 13th
Virginia Beach, VA 85 (Aug 26) -18.8% 14th
Long Beach, CA 610 (Aug 26) -18.2% 15th
Sacramento, CA 377 (Aug 26) -13.3% 16th
Tulsa, OK 386 (Apr 26) -11.0% 17th
Bakersfield, CA 469 (Aug 26) -6.8% 18th
Minneapolis, MN 1,247 (Aug 26) -2.6% 19th
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started mid-pack, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Because this metric moves monthly, each listed city also held or improved over its own most recent 12 months (shown on each row), and the list is ordered by that recent movement. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Miami, FL down about 34% over the 12 months ending August 2026 · sustained: down about 9% a year · 2021-2026
  • Lubbock, TX down about 20% over the 12 months ending August 2026 · sustained: down about 15% a year · 2021-2026
  • Anaheim, CA down about 17% over the 12 months ending August 2026 · sustained: down about 13% a year · 2021-2026
See all Public Safety data →
Economy 7 indicators
Economy

Median household income

▲ Higher is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Household income rose about 39% between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from $63,017 to $87,430 (each survey's own dollars, not adjusted for inflation) - more than the combined survey margin (±$2,290).

Broader trend
All similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction. Long Beach started among the stronger third of similar-size cities and kept improving; worth investigating.
Longer view
Household income rose about 65% from 2014 to 2024 ($52,944 to $87,430).
Bright spot $87,430
20102024
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
California ref $99,122 +32%
United States ref $80,734 +28%
Miami, FL $62,462 19th +60% 1st 17% below peers
Atlanta, GA $85,652 6th +43% 2nd 13% above peers
Mesa, AZ $82,752 9th +42% 3rd 10% above peers
Fresno, CA $70,991 15th +41% 4th 6% below peers
Tampa, FL $75,475 12th +40% 5th on par with peers
Sacramento, CA $87,321 5th +40% 6th 16% above peers
Long Beach, CA $87,430 4th +39% 7th 16% above peers
Oakland, CA $101,600 1st +38% 8th 35% above peers
New Orleans, LA $56,631 22nd +36% 9th 25% below peers
Aurora, CO $88,368 3rd +36% 10th 17% above peers
Cleveland, OH $40,801 24th +32% 11th 46% below peers
Tucson, AZ $57,073 21st +31% 12th 24% below peers
Colorado Springs, CO $84,818 8th +31% 13th 12% above peers
Milwaukee, WI $54,234 23rd +30% 14th 28% below peers
Minneapolis, MN $80,846 10th +29% 15th 7% above peers
Albuquerque, NM $68,317 17th +29% 16th 9% below peers
Kansas City, MO $69,166 16th +28% 17th 8% below peers
Bakersfield, CA $80,540 11th +28% 18th 7% above peers
Raleigh, NC $85,395 7th +27% 19th 13% above peers
Tulsa, OK $59,838 20th +26% 20th 21% below peers
Arlington, TX $75,171 13th +24% 21st on par with peers
Wichita, KS $64,620 18th +23% 22nd 14% below peers
Omaha, NE $73,201 14th +22% 23rd 3% below peers
Virginia Beach, VA $92,968 2nd +21% 24th 23% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 112 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EconomyMedian household income
Loading tract map…
14 of 112 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 6 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸ Break down by group Race · ACS 2024
Loading breakdown…
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started in the strongest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Santa Ana, CA up about 42% between its surveys · a larger real gain than 94% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Jersey City, NJ up about 38% between its surveys · a larger real gain than 84% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Denver, CO up about 38% between its surveys · a larger real gain than 82% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±$2,036 at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Economy

Unemployment rate

▼ Lower is better Improving recently, leading peers
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Unemployment fell 0.9 percentage points over the 12 months ending July 2026, faster than 96% of similar-size cities.

Broader trend
Multi-year view: unemployment rose about 0.3 percentage points a year from 2022 to 2025. That is movement in the wrong direction.
Longer view
Unemployment held steady from 2015 to 2025.
Latest
Most recent monthly reading: 5.1% in July 2026, down from 6.0% a year earlier.
Bright spot 5.1%
1990July 2026
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities by change rank
Place Latest Today's rank Changelast 12 months Change rank History Latest vs. peers
California ref 5.1% (Jul 26) -0.4pp
United States ref 4.0% (2024)
Cleveland, OH 3.8% (Jul 26) 7th -1.5pp 1st 19% below peers
Long Beach, CA 5.1% (Jul 26) 18th -0.9pp 2nd 9% above peers
Kansas City, MO 3.7% (Jul 26) 6th -0.8pp 3rd 21% below peers
Fresno, CA 6.9% (Jul 26) 23rd -0.6pp 4th 47% above peers
Bakersfield, CA 6.9% (Jul 26) 24th -0.5pp 5th 47% above peers
Miami, FL 2.2% (Jul 26) 1st -0.4pp 6th 53% below peers
Oakland, CA 4.9% (Jul 26) 15th -0.4pp 7th 4% above peers
New Orleans, LA 5.1% (Jul 26) 19th -0.3pp 8th 9% above peers
Omaha, NE 3.3% (Jul 26) 2nd -0.3pp 9th 30% below peers
Raleigh, NC 3.3% (Jul 26) 3rd -0.3pp 10th 30% below peers
Atlanta, GA 3.5% (Jul 26) 4th -0.2pp 11th 26% below peers
Sacramento, CA 5.3% (Jul 26) 20th -0.2pp 12th 13% above peers
Wichita, KS 4.7% (Jul 26) 12th -0.1pp 13th on par with peers
Milwaukee, WI 4.9% (Jul 26) 16th +0.0pp 14th 4% above peers
Colorado Springs, CO 4.2% (Jul 26) 8th +0.1pp 15th 11% below peers
Aurora, CO 4.4% (Jul 26) 9th +0.2pp 16th 6% below peers
Virginia Beach, VA 3.5% (Jul 26) 5th +0.4pp 17th 26% below peers
Arlington, TX 4.7% (Jul 26) 13th +0.5pp 18th on par with peers
Mesa, AZ 4.6% (Jul 26) 11th +0.5pp 19th 2% below peers
Tucson, AZ 5.6% (Jul 26) 22nd +0.6pp 20th 19% above peers
Albuquerque, NM 5.3% (Jul 26) 21st +0.6pp 21st 13% above peers
Minneapolis, MN 4.4% (Jul 26) 10th +0.6pp 22nd 6% below peers
Tampa, FL 4.9% (Jul 26) 17th +0.7pp 23rd 4% above peers
Tulsa, OK 4.8% (Jul 26) 14th +1.3pp 24th 2% above peers
Economy

Share of people below the poverty level

▼ Lower is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Poverty fell 2.0 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 16.8% to 14.8% - more than the combined survey margin (±1.0pp).

Broader trend
65% of similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction; 4% moved the other way. Long Beach started mid-pack and has reached a genuinely better level; worth investigating.
Longer view
Poverty fell 5.9 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (20.7% to 14.8%).
Bright spot 14.8%
20112024
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
California ref 12.0% -1.3pp
United States ref 12.4%
Mesa, AZ 10.3% 3rd -4.5pp 1st 33% below peers
Colorado Springs, CO 9.1% 2nd -2.6pp 2nd 42% below peers
Fresno, CA 20.1% 21st -5.1pp 3rd 29% above peers
Oakland, CA 13.4% 7th -3.4pp 4th 14% below peers
Atlanta, GA 16.9% 17th -3.9pp 5th 9% above peers
Miami, FL 19.4% 20th -4.0pp 6th 25% above peers
Tampa, FL 15.4% 12th -3.2pp 7th 1% below peers
Minneapolis, MN 16.0% 15th -3.2pp 8th 3% above peers
Tucson, AZ 18.9% 19th -3.6pp 9th 21% above peers
Sacramento, CA 13.9% 9th -2.6pp 10th 10% below peers
Long Beach, CA 14.8% 11th -2.0pp 11th 5% below peers
Arlington, TX 12.9% 6th -1.7pp 12th 17% below peers
Milwaukee, WI 22.8% 23rd -2.6pp 13th 47% above peers
Kansas City, MO 14.7% 10th -1.5pp 14th 6% below peers
Albuquerque, NM 15.5% 13th -1.3pp 15th on par with peers
Cleveland, OH 30.6% 24th -2.1pp 16th 97% above peers
Bakersfield, CA 16.3% 16th -1.1pp 17th 5% above peers
Raleigh, NC 11.9% 4th -0.7pp 18th 23% below peers
New Orleans, LA 22.6% 22nd -1.0pp 19th 46% above peers
Tulsa, OK 18.7% 18th -0.7pp 20th 21% above peers
Wichita, KS 15.9% 14th +0.0pp 21st 2% above peers
Omaha, NE 13.5% 8th +0.1pp 22nd 13% below peers
Aurora, CO 11.9% 5th +1.2pp 23rd 23% below peers
Virginia Beach, VA 8.6% 1st +1.3pp 24th 45% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 112 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EconomyShare of people below the poverty level
Loading tract map…
16 of 112 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 3 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸ Break down by group Race · Age · Sex · ACS 2024
Loading breakdown…
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started mid-pack, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Santa Ana, CA down 4.9pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Mesa, AZ down 4.5pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 99% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Durham, NC down 4.2pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 98% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±0.8pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Economy

Share of children below the poverty level

▼ Lower is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Child poverty fell 5.7 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 24.3% to 18.6% - more than the combined survey margin (±1.6pp).

Broader trend
78% of similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction; 4% moved the other way. Long Beach started mid-pack and has reached a genuinely better level; worth investigating.
Longer view
Child poverty fell 10.3 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (28.9% to 18.6%).
Bright spot 18.6%
20132024
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
California ref 15.0% -3.1pp
United States ref 16.1%
Mesa, AZ 13.4% 3rd -8.8pp 1st 33% below peers
Colorado Springs, CO 10.2% 1st -5.6pp 2nd 49% below peers
Oakland, CA 16.6% 5th -8.2pp 3rd 17% below peers
Atlanta, GA 23.3% 17th -10.2pp 4th 17% above peers
Minneapolis, MN 17.9% 9th -7.6pp 5th 10% below peers
Tampa, FL 19.2% 12th -7.3pp 6th 3% below peers
Long Beach, CA 18.6% 11th -5.7pp 7th 6% below peers
Fresno, CA 27.4% 21st -8.1pp 8th 38% above peers
Sacramento, CA 17.0% 6th -4.9pp 9th 14% below peers
Miami, FL 25.2% 19th -6.6pp 10th 27% above peers
Tucson, AZ 24.2% 18th -6.3pp 11th 22% above peers
Arlington, TX 17.7% 8th -4.4pp 12th 11% below peers
Albuquerque, NM 19.9% 13th -4.1pp 13th on par with peers
Kansas City, MO 20.3% 14th -3.9pp 14th 2% above peers
Milwaukee, WI 31.7% 22nd -5.0pp 15th 60% above peers
Raleigh, NC 16.0% 4th -1.8pp 16th 20% below peers
Omaha, NE 17.2% 7th -1.5pp 17th 14% below peers
Tulsa, OK 27.4% 20th -2.4pp 18th 38% above peers
Cleveland, OH 44.9% 24th -3.3pp 19th 126% above peers
Bakersfield, CA 22.0% 16th -1.2pp 20th 11% above peers
New Orleans, LA 32.5% 23rd -1.7pp 21st 64% above peers
Wichita, KS 21.8% 15th -0.2pp 22nd 10% above peers
Virginia Beach, VA 11.4% 2nd +1.3pp 23rd 42% below peers
Aurora, CO 18.1% 10th +3.1pp 24th 9% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 112 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EconomyShare of children below the poverty level
Loading tract map…
15 of 112 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 5 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started mid-pack, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Mesa, AZ down 8.8pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Santa Ana, CA down 8.7pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 99% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Oakland, CA down 8.2pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 96% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±1.2pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Economy

Households with a broadband internet subscription

▲ Higher is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Broadband rose 8.8 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 84.6% to 93.4% - more than the combined survey margin (±0.6pp).

Broader trend
All similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction. Long Beach started mid-pack and has reached a genuinely better level; worth investigating.
Longer view
Broadband rose 13.1 percentage points from 2017 to 2024 (80.2% to 93.4%).
Bright spot 93.4%
20172024
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
California ref 93.6% +6.6pp
United States ref 91.1%
Miami, FL 83.7% 24th +17.5pp 1st 9% below peers
Cleveland, OH 84.8% 23rd +16.1pp 2nd 7% below peers
New Orleans, LA 86.6% 22nd +13.1pp 3rd 6% below peers
Milwaukee, WI 88.4% 21st +13.2pp 4th 4% below peers
Atlanta, GA 91.7% 11th +10.5pp 5th on par with peers
Wichita, KS 91.6% 13th +10.2pp 6th on par with peers
Albuquerque, NM 90.6% 16th +9.7pp 7th 1% below peers
Kansas City, MO 90.5% 18th +8.9pp 8th 1% below peers
Oakland, CA 91.7% 12th +8.7pp 9th on par with peers
Long Beach, CA 93.4% 8th +8.8pp 10th 2% above peers
Tulsa, OK 89.8% 19th +8.2pp 11th 2% below peers
Tampa, FL 93.6% 7th +8.3pp 12th 2% above peers
Fresno, CA 88.9% 20th +7.1pp 13th 3% below peers
Omaha, NE 91.6% 14th +7.1pp 14th on par with peers
Minneapolis, MN 90.9% 15th +7.0pp 15th 1% below peers
Tucson, AZ 90.5% 17th +6.7pp 16th 1% below peers
Sacramento, CA 93.7% 6th +6.8pp 17th 2% above peers
Bakersfield, CA 94.1% 4th +6.8pp 18th 3% above peers
Arlington, TX 92.4% 10th +6.6pp 19th 1% above peers
Mesa, AZ 93.3% 9th +6.4pp 20th 2% above peers
Aurora, CO 93.7% 5th +6.1pp 21st 2% above peers
Raleigh, NC 94.7% 1st +4.6pp 22nd 3% above peers
Virginia Beach, VA 94.5% 3rd +4.5pp 23rd 3% above peers
Colorado Springs, CO 94.6% 2nd +4.0pp 24th 3% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 112 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EconomyHouseholds with a broadband internet subscription
Loading tract map…
16 of 112 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 4 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started mid-pack, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Oklahoma City, OK up 9.0pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 68% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Pittsburgh, PA up 8.8pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 66% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Oakland, CA up 8.7pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 65% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±0.3pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Economy

Income inequality (Gini index)

▼ Lower is better No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Inequality changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (0.47 then, 0.46 now; margin ±0.01).

Broader trend
39% of similar-size cities show a real change in either direction.
Longer view
Inequality fell about 2% from 2014 to 2024 (0.47 to 0.46).
Bright spot 0.46
20102024
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
California ref 0.49 +0.000
United States ref 0.48 +0.001
Atlanta, GA 0.56 24th -0.024 1st 18% above peers
Mesa, AZ 0.43 2nd -0.017 2nd 9% below peers
Sacramento, CA 0.45 6th -0.016 3rd 6% below peers
New Orleans, LA 0.55 22nd -0.017 4th 17% above peers
Tulsa, OK 0.51 18th -0.012 5th 7% above peers
Colorado Springs, CO 0.43 3rd -0.009 6th 8% below peers
Albuquerque, NM 0.46 9th -0.009 7th 3% below peers
Miami, FL 0.56 23rd -0.009 8th 17% above peers
Long Beach, CA 0.46 10th -0.005 9th 2% below peers
Bakersfield, CA 0.45 7th -0.005 10th 5% below peers
Cleveland, OH 0.51 19th -0.005 11th 8% above peers
Milwaukee, WI 0.47 11th -0.004 12th 1% below peers
Kansas City, MO 0.47 12th -0.003 13th 1% below peers
Minneapolis, MN 0.50 17th -0.003 14th 4% above peers
Fresno, CA 0.48 14th -0.000 15th 2% above peers
Oakland, CA 0.51 20th -0.000 16th 8% above peers
Tucson, AZ 0.46 8th +0.001 17th 3% below peers
Tampa, FL 0.54 21st +0.001 18th 15% above peers
Arlington, TX 0.44 5th +0.005 19th 8% below peers
Wichita, KS 0.47 13th +0.009 20th on par with peers
Omaha, NE 0.49 16th +0.015 21st 3% above peers
Raleigh, NC 0.48 15th +0.018 22nd 2% above peers
Virginia Beach, VA 0.44 4th +0.019 23rd 8% below peers
Aurora, CO 0.43 1st +0.020 24th 9% below peers
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B19083) through 2024 ±0.01 at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Economy

Households receiving SNAP

▼ Lower is better Worsening
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

SNAP rose 3.9 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 10.7% to 14.6% - more than the combined survey margin (±0.8pp). That reverses the previous span, which went down between the 2010-2014 and 2015-2019 surveys. That is movement in the wrong direction.

Broader trend
43% of similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction; 43% moved the other way.
Longer view
Snap rose 3.2 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (11.4% to 14.6%).
Needs attention 14.6%
20102024
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
California ref 12.4% +3.5pp
United States ref 12.1% +0.3pp
Mesa, AZ 8.0% 2nd -1.6pp 1st 48% below peers
Miami, FL 25.4% 22nd -4.8pp 2nd 66% above peers
Tampa, FL 15.5% 15th -2.8pp 3rd 2% above peers
Kansas City, MO 10.4% 5th -1.8pp 4th 32% below peers
Minneapolis, MN 12.5% 10th -1.4pp 5th 18% below peers
Cleveland, OH 30.3% 24th -3.1pp 6th 99% above peers
Colorado Springs, CO 9.8% 4th -0.9pp 7th 36% below peers
Wichita, KS 10.9% 8th -0.9pp 8th 28% below peers
Atlanta, GA 13.9% 11th -1.0pp 9th 9% below peers
Arlington, TX 10.4% 6th -0.6pp 10th 32% below peers
Tucson, AZ 16.4% 17th -0.9pp 11th 8% above peers
Omaha, NE 10.6% 7th -0.2pp 12th 31% below peers
Raleigh, NC 8.4% 3rd +0.3pp 13th 45% below peers
Milwaukee, WI 27.9% 23rd +1.3pp 14th 83% above peers
New Orleans, LA 18.5% 20th +1.2pp 15th 22% above peers
Tulsa, OK 16.0% 16th +1.2pp 16th 5% above peers
Albuquerque, NM 17.2% 18th +1.3pp 17th 13% above peers
Fresno, CA 24.8% 21st +2.7pp 18th 63% above peers
Virginia Beach, VA 6.6% 1st +0.7pp 19th 57% below peers
Bakersfield, CA 18.1% 19th +2.6pp 20th 19% above peers
Aurora, CO 11.1% 9th +2.2pp 21st 27% below peers
Sacramento, CA 15.2% 13th +3.1pp 22nd on par with peers
Long Beach, CA 14.6% 12th +3.9pp 23rd 4% below peers
Oakland, CA 15.3% 14th +5.5pp 24th 1% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 112 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2018 to 2023, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EconomyHouseholds receiving SNAP
Loading tract map…
16 of 112 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 4 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started in the strongest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Irving, TX down 1.7pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 99% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Mesa, AZ down 1.6pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 95% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Lexington, KY down 1.0pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 84% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±0.6pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
See all Economy data →
Housing 6 indicators
Housing

Typical home value

No better direction Rising recently, faster than peers
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Home value rose about 2% over the 12 months ending September 2026, faster than 87% of similar-size cities.

Broader trend
Multi-year view: home value rose about 3% a year from 2021 to 2026, faster than 57% of similar-size cities.
Longer view
Home value rose about 9% a year from 2016 to 2026.
Latest
Most recent monthly reading: $852,391 in September 2026, up from $832,264 a year earlier.
Big move $852,391
2000September 2026
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities by change rank
Place Latest Today's rank Changelast 12 months Change rank History Latest vs. peers
California ref $761,538 (Sep 26) +0.6%
United States ref $366,157 (Sep 26) +1.2%
Virginia Beach, VA $424,785 (Sep 26) 8th +3.1% 1st 12% above peers
Milwaukee, WI $223,304 (Sep 26) 21st +3.0% 2nd 41% below peers
Tulsa, OK $217,760 (Sep 26) 22nd +2.8% 3rd 43% below peers
Long Beach, CA $852,391 (Sep 26) 1st +2.4% 4th 124% above peers
Wichita, KS $204,831 (Sep 26) 23rd +2.3% 5th 46% below peers
Omaha, NE $294,607 (Sep 26) 18th +2.3% 6th 23% below peers
Kansas City, MO $250,185 (Sep 26) 19th +1.9% 7th 34% below peers
Albuquerque, NM $344,199 (Sep 26) 14th +1.7% 8th 10% below peers
Miami, FL $583,705 (Sep 26) 3rd +1.4% 9th 53% above peers
Minneapolis, MN $328,351 (Sep 26) 15th +0.7% 10th 14% below peers
Fresno, CA $384,885 (Sep 26) 11th +0.6% 11th 1% above peers
Oakland, CA $710,647 (Sep 26) 2nd +0.6% 12th 87% above peers
Tampa, FL $375,619 (Sep 26) 13th +0.4% 13th 1% below peers
Bakersfield, CA $385,686 (Sep 26) 10th +0.0% 14th 1% above peers
Arlington, TX $306,472 (Sep 26) 17th -0.5% 15th 19% below peers
Sacramento, CA $470,552 (Sep 26) 4th -0.6% 16th 24% above peers
Mesa, AZ $428,871 (Sep 26) 7th -0.7% 17th 13% above peers
Cleveland, OH $115,810 (Sep 26) 24th -0.8% 18th 70% below peers
Colorado Springs, CO $439,542 (Sep 26) 6th -1.5% 19th 16% above peers
New Orleans, LA $241,895 (Sep 26) 20th -1.5% 20th 36% below peers
Raleigh, NC $424,663 (Sep 26) 9th -1.7% 21st 12% above peers
Atlanta, GA $380,331 (Sep 26) 12th -1.9% 22nd on par with peers
Tucson, AZ $318,760 (Sep 26) 16th -1.9% 23rd 16% below peers
Aurora, CO $447,833 (Sep 26) 5th -2.6% 24th 18% above peers
Housing

Starter home value (bottom tier)

No better direction Rising recently
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Starter homes rose about 1% over the 12 months ending September 2026, slower than 52% of similar-size cities.

Broader trend
Multi-year view: starter homes rose about 2% a year from 2021 to 2026, faster than 52% of similar-size cities.
Longer view
Starter homes rose about 11% a year from 2016 to 2026.
Latest
Most recent monthly reading: $576,872 in September 2026, up from $573,508 a year earlier.
Big move $576,872
2000September 2026
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities by change rank
Place Latest Today's rank Changelast 12 months Change rank History Latest vs. peers
California ref $464,407 (Sep 26) +0.2%
United States ref $197,716 (Sep 26) +2.2%
Milwaukee, WI $138,086 (Sep 26) 20th +4.1% 1st 49% below peers
Virginia Beach, VA $305,145 (Sep 26) 8th +4.0% 2nd 13% above peers
Wichita, KS $121,769 (Sep 26) 23rd +2.3% 3rd 55% below peers
Albuquerque, NM $269,328 (Sep 26) 12th +2.2% 4th on par with peers
Tulsa, OK $126,210 (Sep 26) 22nd +2.1% 5th 53% below peers
Omaha, NE $198,623 (Sep 26) 18th +2.0% 6th 26% below peers
Cleveland, OH $69,081 (Sep 26) 24th +1.3% 7th 74% below peers
Kansas City, MO $133,126 (Sep 26) 21st +1.3% 8th 51% below peers
Fresno, CA $277,744 (Sep 26) 11th +0.8% 9th 3% above peers
Tampa, FL $239,812 (Sep 26) 14th +0.8% 10th 11% below peers
Minneapolis, MN $217,372 (Sep 26) 16th +0.7% 11th 19% below peers
New Orleans, LA $144,153 (Sep 26) 19th +0.6% 12th 46% below peers
Long Beach, CA $576,872 (Sep 26) 1st +0.6% 13th 114% above peers
Sacramento, CA $367,618 (Sep 26) 3rd +0.1% 14th 36% above peers
Bakersfield, CA $286,344 (Sep 26) 10th -0.2% 15th 6% above peers
Arlington, TX $243,944 (Sep 26) 13th -0.2% 16th 9% below peers
Miami, FL $352,706 (Sep 26) 4th -1.0% 17th 31% above peers
Oakland, CA $466,853 (Sep 26) 2nd -1.3% 18th 73% above peers
Mesa, AZ $322,538 (Sep 26) 6th -1.4% 19th 20% above peers
Colorado Springs, CO $328,452 (Sep 26) 5th -1.7% 20th 22% above peers
Tucson, AZ $238,522 (Sep 26) 15th -2.8% 21st 11% below peers
Raleigh, NC $291,187 (Sep 26) 9th -3.1% 22nd 8% above peers
Aurora, CO $320,478 (Sep 26) 7th -4.1% 23rd 19% above peers
Atlanta, GA $211,854 (Sep 26) 17th -4.1% 24th 21% below peers
Housing

Homeownership rate

▲ Higher is better Improving (small)
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Homeownership rose 1.3 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 39.8% to 41.2% - more than the combined survey margin (±1.2pp).

Broader trend
70% of similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction; 4% moved the other way.
Longer view
Homeownership rose 1.0 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (40.2% to 41.2%).
Bright spot 41.2%
20112024
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
California ref 55.9% +1.0pp
United States ref 65.2%
Fresno, CA 50.1% 17th +3.4pp 1st 3% below peers
Atlanta, GA 46.4% 19th +2.9pp 2nd 10% below peers
Sacramento, CA 51.7% 13th +3.2pp 3rd on par with peers
New Orleans, LA 51.2% 14th +2.9pp 4th 1% below peers
Mesa, AZ 64.4% 2nd +3.3pp 5th 24% above peers
Aurora, CO 62.4% 3rd +2.5pp 6th 20% above peers
Miami, FL 30.8% 24th +1.2pp 7th 41% below peers
Kansas City, MO 55.4% 9th +2.1pp 8th 7% above peers
Oakland, CA 42.3% 20th +1.6pp 9th 18% below peers
Tampa, FL 50.3% 16th +1.8pp 10th 3% below peers
Albuquerque, NM 61.8% 4th +2.1pp 11th 19% above peers
Long Beach, CA 41.2% 23rd +1.3pp 12th 21% below peers
Colorado Springs, CO 60.9% 5th +1.8pp 13th 17% above peers
Bakersfield, CA 60.6% 6th +1.5pp 14th 17% above peers
Tucson, AZ 51.9% 12th +1.2pp 15th on par with peers
Tulsa, OK 51.9% 11th +1.2pp 16th on par with peers
Virginia Beach, VA 65.2% 1st +1.4pp 17th 26% above peers
Minneapolis, MN 47.7% 18th +0.5pp 18th 8% below peers
Milwaukee, WI 41.8% 21st +0.4pp 19th 19% below peers
Cleveland, OH 41.7% 22nd +0.2pp 20th 20% below peers
Wichita, KS 58.9% 7th +0.1pp 21st 14% above peers
Raleigh, NC 50.8% 15th -0.8pp 22nd 2% below peers
Arlington, TX 54.3% 10th -0.9pp 23rd 5% above peers
Omaha, NE 57.4% 8th -1.3pp 24th 11% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 112 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
HousingHomeownership rate
Loading tract map…
16 of 112 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 4 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸ Break down by group Race · ACS 2024
Loading breakdown…
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±1.0pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Housing

Typical asking rent

No better direction Rising recently
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Rent rose about 2% over the 12 months ending September 2026, slower than 52% of similar-size cities.

Broader trend
Multi-year view: rent rose about 3% a year from 2021 to 2026, faster than 52% of similar-size cities.
Longer view
Rent rose about 6% a year from 2016 to 2026.
Latest
Most recent monthly reading: $2,412 in September 2026, up from $2,354 a year earlier.
Big move $2,412
2015September 2026
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities by change rank
Place Latest Today's rank Changelast 12 months Change rank History Latest vs. peers
United States ref $1,932 (Sep 26) +2.7%
Oakland, CA $2,758 (Sep 26) 2nd +10.8% 1st 61% above peers
Virginia Beach, VA $2,098 (Sep 26) 4th +7.8% 2nd 22% above peers
Milwaukee, WI $1,443 (Sep 26) 19th +4.8% 3rd 16% below peers
Wichita, KS $1,159 (Sep 26) 24th +4.4% 4th 32% below peers
Cleveland, OH $1,359 (Sep 26) 22nd +4.3% 5th 21% below peers
Kansas City, MO $1,446 (Sep 26) 18th +4.3% 6th 16% below peers
Fresno, CA $1,945 (Sep 26) 6th +3.9% 7th 13% above peers
Atlanta, GA $1,942 (Sep 26) 7th +3.2% 8th 13% above peers
Minneapolis, MN $1,747 (Sep 26) 10th +3.2% 9th 2% above peers
Bakersfield, CA $1,901 (Sep 26) 9th +3.1% 10th 11% above peers
Tulsa, OK $1,273 (Sep 26) 23rd +3.1% 11th 26% below peers
Colorado Springs, CO $1,717 (Sep 26) 12th +2.6% 12th on par with peers
Long Beach, CA $2,412 (Sep 26) 3rd +2.4% 13th 40% above peers
New Orleans, LA $1,633 (Sep 26) 13th +2.0% 14th 5% below peers
Omaha, NE $1,389 (Sep 26) 21st +1.8% 15th 19% below peers
Tucson, AZ $1,428 (Sep 26) 20th +1.4% 16th 17% below peers
Albuquerque, NM $1,452 (Sep 26) 17th +1.4% 17th 15% below peers
Miami, FL $2,965 (Sep 26) 1st +1.3% 18th 73% above peers
Raleigh, NC $1,572 (Sep 26) 14th +1.3% 19th 8% below peers
Sacramento, CA $2,045 (Sep 26) 5th +1.2% 20th 19% above peers
Arlington, TX $1,468 (Sep 26) 16th +0.8% 21st 14% below peers
Mesa, AZ $1,532 (Sep 26) 15th -0.2% 22nd 11% below peers
Tampa, FL $1,930 (Sep 26) 8th -0.7% 23rd 12% above peers
Aurora, CO $1,742 (Sep 26) 11th -1.2% 24th 1% above peers
Housing

Housing cost-burdened households

▼ Lower is better No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Cost burden changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (46.5% then, 45.7% now; margin ±1.5pp).

Broader trend
26% of similar-size cities show a real change in either direction.
Longer view
Cost burden fell 3.6 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (49.3% to 45.7%).
Needs attention 45.7%
20102024
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
California ref 41.7% +0.0pp
United States ref 32.2% +0.4pp
Milwaukee, WI 40.3% 16th -1.5pp 1st 2% above peers
Miami, FL 54.7% 24th -1.6pp 2nd 38% above peers
Wichita, KS 28.1% 1st -0.7pp 3rd 29% below peers
Fresno, CA 42.5% 20th -0.8pp 4th 8% above peers
Long Beach, CA 45.7% 23rd -0.8pp 5th 15% above peers
Albuquerque, NM 33.5% 5th -0.6pp 6th 15% below peers
New Orleans, LA 45.3% 22nd -0.8pp 7th 14% above peers
Oakland, CA 43.1% 21st -0.6pp 8th 9% above peers
Cleveland, OH 40.7% 17th +0.2pp 9th 3% above peers
Minneapolis, MN 35.1% 7th +0.4pp 10th 11% below peers
Mesa, AZ 33.2% 3rd +0.4pp 11th 16% below peers
Tulsa, OK 33.2% 4th +0.5pp 12th 16% below peers
Virginia Beach, VA 35.2% 8th +0.6pp 13th 11% below peers
Tucson, AZ 38.7% 12th +0.6pp 14th 2% below peers
Atlanta, GA 38.5% 11th +0.8pp 15th 3% below peers
Bakersfield, CA 39.7% 14th +1.0pp 16th on par with peers
Sacramento, CA 41.4% 19th +1.4pp 17th 5% above peers
Tampa, FL 40.9% 18th +1.7pp 18th 3% above peers
Aurora, CO 39.7% 15th +1.7pp 19th on par with peers
Colorado Springs, CO 35.8% 10th +1.6pp 20th 10% below peers
Omaha, NE 32.8% 2nd +1.9pp 21st 17% below peers
Kansas City, MO 33.9% 6th +2.1pp 22nd 14% below peers
Raleigh, NC 35.6% 9th +4.7pp 23rd 10% below peers
Arlington, TX 39.6% 13th +5.5pp 24th on par with peers
▸ Where is this changing? 112 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
HousingHousing cost-burdened households
Loading tract map…
16 of 112 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 4 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Santa Ana, CA down 4.5pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Newark, NJ down 4.6pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 98% of this group · 2019-2024
  • San Juan zona urbana, PR down 2.9pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 96% of this group · 2019-2024
Housing

Households without a vehicle

▼ Lower is better No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

No vehicle changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (9.7% then, 8.9% now; margin ±0.8pp).

Broader trend
57% of similar-size cities show a real change in either direction.
Longer view
No vehicle fell 2.0 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (11.0% to 8.9%).
Needs attention 8.9%
20102024
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
California ref 7.1% -0.0pp
United States ref 8.3% -0.3pp
Fresno, CA 8.2% 11th -2.3pp 1st 2% below peers
Mesa, AZ 5.2% 4th -1.2pp 2nd 38% below peers
Colorado Springs, CO 4.4% 1st -0.8pp 3rd 48% below peers
Tampa, FL 8.5% 14th -1.4pp 4th 1% above peers
Wichita, KS 6.4% 6th -1.0pp 5th 24% below peers
Kansas City, MO 9.0% 16th -1.3pp 6th 7% above peers
Tucson, AZ 10.1% 17th -1.5pp 7th 20% above peers
Atlanta, GA 14.2% 18th -1.6pp 8th 69% above peers
Long Beach, CA 8.9% 15th -0.7pp 9th 6% above peers
Minneapolis, MN 15.6% 19th -1.2pp 10th 85% above peers
Milwaukee, WI 16.2% 21st -1.2pp 11th 93% above peers
New Orleans, LA 17.4% 22nd -1.1pp 12th 107% above peers
Miami, FL 17.9% 23rd -0.9pp 13th 112% above peers
Omaha, NE 7.5% 10th -0.4pp 14th 11% below peers
Cleveland, OH 22.1% 24th -1.0pp 15th 162% above peers
Tulsa, OK 8.3% 12th -0.3pp 16th 1% below peers
Albuquerque, NM 7.0% 8th -0.2pp 17th 17% below peers
Sacramento, CA 8.4% 13th -0.2pp 18th on par with peers
Oakland, CA 16.2% 20th +0.1pp 19th 92% above peers
Raleigh, NC 6.0% 5th +0.3pp 20th 28% below peers
Aurora, CO 6.6% 7th +0.5pp 21st 22% below peers
Virginia Beach, VA 4.6% 2nd +0.4pp 22nd 45% below peers
Bakersfield, CA 7.4% 9th +1.3pp 23rd 12% below peers
Arlington, TX 5.0% 3rd +0.9pp 24th 40% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 112 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
HousingHouseholds without a vehicle
Loading tract map…
16 of 112 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 4 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started mid-pack, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Fresno, CA down 2.3pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Stockton, CA down 2.0pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 99% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Glendale, AZ down 1.7pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 96% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B08201) through 2024 ±0.6pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
See all Housing data →
Health 3 indicators
Health

People without health insurance

▼ Lower is better No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Uninsured changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (8.5% then, 8.4% now; margin ±0.5pp).

Broader trend
70% of similar-size cities show a real change in either direction.
Longer view
Uninsured fell 10.9 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (19.3% to 8.4%).
Bright spot 8.4%
20132024
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
California ref 6.6% -0.9pp
United States ref 8.4% -0.4pp
Oakland, CA 5.6% 2nd -2.3pp 1st 39% below peers
Fresno, CA 6.1% 4th -2.1pp 2nd 34% below peers
Miami, FL 16.3% 23rd -3.4pp 3rd 77% above peers
Virginia Beach, VA 6.3% 5th -1.3pp 4th 32% below peers
Minneapolis, MN 5.7% 3rd -0.9pp 5th 39% below peers
Mesa, AZ 10.6% 17th -1.7pp 6th 15% above peers
New Orleans, LA 8.1% 9th -1.1pp 7th 12% below peers
Omaha, NE 9.2% 13th -1.0pp 8th on par with peers
Raleigh, NC 9.3% 14th -0.9pp 9th 1% above peers
Tampa, FL 10.6% 18th -1.0pp 10th 15% above peers
Sacramento, CA 5.4% 1st -0.5pp 11th 42% below peers
Tucson, AZ 10.6% 16th -0.9pp 12th 14% above peers
Kansas City, MO 11.0% 19th -0.8pp 13th 19% above peers
Tulsa, OK 16.1% 22nd -0.5pp 14th 74% above peers
Milwaukee, WI 9.1% 12th -0.2pp 15th 2% below peers
Atlanta, GA 10.1% 15th -0.2pp 16th 9% above peers
Long Beach, CA 8.4% 10th -0.1pp 17th 9% below peers
Colorado Springs, CO 7.7% 7th -0.1pp 18th 17% below peers
Bakersfield, CA 7.4% 6th -0.0pp 19th 20% below peers
Wichita, KS 12.4% 20th +0.2pp 20th 34% above peers
Arlington, TX 19.0% 24th +0.7pp 21st 105% above peers
Cleveland, OH 8.1% 8th +0.4pp 22nd 13% below peers
Albuquerque, NM 8.6% 11th +0.7pp 23rd 7% below peers
Aurora, CO 13.7% 21st +2.4pp 24th 48% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 112 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
HealthPeople without health insurance
Loading tract map…
16 of 112 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 3 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸ Break down by group Race · Age · Sex · ACS 2024
Loading breakdown…
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started mid-pack, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Oakland, CA down 2.3pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Fresno, CA down 2.1pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 99% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Jersey City, NJ down 2.9pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 98% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±0.4pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
★
Health

Adult obesity

▼ Lower is better Level only ★ Strong performer
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Adult obesity is somewhat below the peer median.

27.4%
20202023
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities best first
Place Latest Today's rank History Latest vs. peers
California ref 28.4%
United States ref 32.9%
Long Beach, CA 27.4% 1st 18% below peers
Oakland, CA 27.6% 2nd 18% below peers
Colorado Springs, CO 28.4% 3rd 15% below peers
Minneapolis, MN 28.6% 4th 15% below peers
Aurora, CO 29.1% 5th 13% below peers
Atlanta, GA 29.3% 6th 13% below peers
Miami, FL 29.9% 7th 11% below peers
Sacramento, CA 30.0% 8th 10% below peers
Mesa, AZ 30.7% 9th 8% below peers
Raleigh, NC 30.9% 10th 8% below peers
Tampa, FL 31.9% 11th 5% below peers
Albuquerque, NM 32.9% 12th 2% below peers
Tucson, AZ 33.5% 13th on par with peers
Arlington, TX 33.8% 14th 1% above peers
New Orleans, LA 34.0% 15th 1% above peers
Bakersfield, CA 34.5% 16th 3% above peers
Virginia Beach, VA 36.5% 17th 9% above peers
Tulsa, OK 37.5% 18th 12% above peers
Omaha, NE 37.5% 19th 12% above peers
Fresno, CA 37.5% 20th 12% above peers
Kansas City, MO 38.5% 21st 15% above peers
Wichita, KS 39.5% 22nd 18% above peers
Milwaukee, WI 41.8% 23rd 25% above peers
Cleveland, OH 42.2% 24th 26% above peers
CDC PLACES through 2023 modeled tract map about this metric
Health

Children without health insurance

▼ Lower is better No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Child uninsured changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (3.6% then, 3.7% now; margin ±0.8pp).

Broader trend
43% of similar-size cities show a real change in either direction.
Longer view
Child uninsured fell 3.9 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (7.5% to 3.7%).
Bright spot 3.7%
20122024
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
California ref 3.2% -0.0pp
United States ref 5.5% +0.4pp
Mesa, AZ 8.3% 21st -1.7pp 1st 42% above peers
Oakland, CA 3.5% 5th -0.7pp 2nd 40% below peers
Miami, FL 7.3% 18th -1.3pp 3rd 26% above peers
Minneapolis, MN 3.0% 2nd -0.5pp 4th 49% below peers
Fresno, CA 2.5% 1st -0.2pp 5th 57% below peers
Tucson, AZ 7.8% 19th -0.2pp 6th 35% above peers
Wichita, KS 6.5% 17th -0.1pp 7th 12% above peers
Raleigh, NC 5.4% 12th -0.1pp 8th 7% below peers
Milwaukee, WI 3.3% 4th +0.0pp 9th 43% below peers
Long Beach, CA 3.7% 6th +0.1pp 10th 37% below peers
Tulsa, OK 8.4% 22nd +0.2pp 11th 45% above peers
Virginia Beach, VA 4.0% 8th +0.2pp 12th 30% below peers
Omaha, NE 6.4% 16th +0.6pp 13th 11% above peers
Tampa, FL 6.2% 15th +0.8pp 14th 7% above peers
Arlington, TX 13.1% 24th +1.8pp 15th 126% above peers
Atlanta, GA 5.8% 13th +0.9pp 16th on par with peers
Kansas City, MO 8.1% 20th +1.5pp 17th 40% above peers
Aurora, CO 8.9% 23rd +1.8pp 18th 54% above peers
Colorado Springs, CO 5.3% 10th +1.1pp 19th 8% below peers
Bakersfield, CA 3.8% 7th +1.0pp 20th 34% below peers
Sacramento, CA 3.1% 3rd +0.9pp 21st 47% below peers
Cleveland, OH 4.4% 9th +1.3pp 22nd 24% below peers
New Orleans, LA 5.4% 11th +1.9pp 23rd 7% below peers
Albuquerque, NM 5.9% 14th +2.5pp 24th 1% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 112 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
HealthChildren without health insurance
Loading tract map…
17 of 112 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 3 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started mid-pack, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Lexington, KY down 1.3pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 98% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Jersey City, NJ down 1.6pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 96% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Lincoln, NE down 1.4pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 95% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B27001) through 2024 ±0.6pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
See all Health data →
Education 3 indicators
Education

Adults with a bachelor's degree or higher

▲ Higher is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

College attainment rose 4.5 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 31.1% to 35.6% - more than the combined survey margin (±1.1pp).

Broader trend
96% of similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction. Long Beach started mid-pack and has reached a genuinely better level; worth investigating.
Longer view
College attainment rose 6.6 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (29.0% to 35.6%).
Bright spot 35.6%
20102024
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
California ref 37.1% +3.1pp
United States ref 35.7% +3.5pp
Cleveland, OH 22.4% 24th +4.9pp 1st 40% below peers
Miami, FL 37.4% 12th +7.8pp 2nd on par with peers
Mesa, AZ 32.5% 18th +5.1pp 3rd 13% below peers
Tampa, FL 45.7% 5th +7.1pp 4th 22% above peers
Fresno, CA 25.5% 22nd +3.6pp 5th 32% below peers
Atlanta, GA 59.2% 1st +7.4pp 6th 58% above peers
Long Beach, CA 35.6% 14th +4.5pp 7th 5% below peers
Virginia Beach, VA 40.9% 8th +4.9pp 8th 9% above peers
Tucson, AZ 31.1% 19th +3.7pp 9th 17% below peers
Aurora, CO 33.6% 15th +3.9pp 10th 10% below peers
New Orleans, LA 42.4% 7th +4.8pp 11th 13% above peers
Sacramento, CA 37.1% 13th +4.0pp 12th 1% below peers
Milwaukee, WI 27.4% 21st +2.8pp 13th 27% below peers
Albuquerque, NM 39.2% 10th +4.0pp 14th 5% above peers
Oakland, CA 48.8% 4th +4.7pp 15th 30% above peers
Minneapolis, MN 55.5% 2nd +5.1pp 16th 48% above peers
Kansas City, MO 38.4% 11th +3.1pp 17th 3% above peers
Bakersfield, CA 23.6% 23rd +1.7pp 18th 37% below peers
Arlington, TX 32.6% 17th +2.3pp 19th 13% below peers
Colorado Springs, CO 42.7% 6th +2.9pp 20th 14% above peers
Tulsa, OK 33.6% 16th +2.1pp 21st 10% below peers
Omaha, NE 40.1% 9th +2.4pp 22nd 7% above peers
Raleigh, NC 54.0% 3rd +3.1pp 23rd 44% above peers
Wichita, KS 31.1% 20th +1.0pp 24th 17% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 112 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EducationAdults with a bachelor's degree or higher
Loading tract map…
16 of 112 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 3 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸ Break down by group Sex · ACS 2024
Loading breakdown…
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started mid-pack, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • St. Petersburg, FL up 6.9pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 92% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Winston-Salem, NC up 5.0pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 81% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Virginia Beach, VA up 4.9pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 76% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±0.8pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Education

Children ages 3-4 enrolled in preschool

▲ Higher is better Worsening
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Preschool enrollment fell 7.0 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 51.0% to 44.0% - more than the combined survey margin (±6.2pp). That is movement in the wrong direction.

Broader trend
43% of similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction; 4% moved the other way.
Longer view
Preschool enrollment fell 6.8 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (50.7% to 44.0%).
Needs attention 44.0%
20112024
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
California ref 44.5% -5.1pp
United States ref 45.5%
Aurora, CO 44.2% 9th +6.0pp 1st 4% above peers
Tampa, FL 58.2% 4th +4.6pp 2nd 37% above peers
Miami, FL 67.7% 1st +4.3pp 3rd 59% above peers
Arlington, TX 39.7% 15th +2.0pp 4th 7% below peers
Tucson, AZ 38.6% 17th +0.4pp 5th 9% below peers
Atlanta, GA 62.2% 2nd -0.9pp 6th 46% above peers
Colorado Springs, CO 43.4% 11th -1.6pp 7th 2% above peers
Mesa, AZ 32.1% 23rd -1.2pp 8th 25% below peers
New Orleans, LA 61.5% 3rd -2.4pp 9th 45% above peers
Wichita, KS 36.5% 19th -1.5pp 10th 14% below peers
Kansas City, MO 42.2% 14th -2.4pp 11th 1% below peers
Tulsa, OK 42.5% 12th -4.3pp 12th on par with peers
Minneapolis, MN 50.2% 6th -5.2pp 13th 18% above peers
Fresno, CA 35.5% 21st -3.9pp 14th 17% below peers
Virginia Beach, VA 47.6% 7th -6.1pp 15th 12% above peers
Oakland, CA 51.0% 5th -6.9pp 16th 20% above peers
Albuquerque, NM 38.7% 16th -5.9pp 17th 9% below peers
Long Beach, CA 44.0% 10th -7.0pp 18th 3% above peers
Omaha, NE 36.3% 20th -6.0pp 19th 15% below peers
Bakersfield, CA 29.3% 24th -5.1pp 20th 31% below peers
Milwaukee, WI 42.3% 13th -7.8pp 21st on par with peers
Raleigh, NC 45.6% 8th -9.7pp 22nd 7% above peers
Sacramento, CA 38.0% 18th -8.4pp 23rd 10% below peers
Cleveland, OH 33.7% 22nd -8.7pp 24th 21% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 112 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EducationChildren ages 3-4 enrolled in preschool
Loading tract map…
17 of 112 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 9 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±4.8pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Education

Teens not in school and not working

▼ Lower is better Turning down (early signal)
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Disconnected youth changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (7.6% then, 7.3% now; margin ±2.2pp). The newest releases lean downward: each of the last 3 annual updates moved the 5-year average the same way - an early signal, not a measured change.*

Broader trend
17% of similar-size cities show a real change in either direction.
Longer view
Disconnected youth fell 1.7 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (9.0% to 7.3%).
7.3%
20102024
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
California ref 6.7% +0.2pp
United States ref 6.9% +0.3pp
Kansas City, MO 5.7% 6th -3.3pp 1st 22% below peers
Tulsa, OK 5.8% 7th -3.4pp 2nd 20% below peers
Miami, FL 8.5% 18th -4.1pp 3rd 16% above peers
Arlington, TX 6.3% 8th -1.0pp 4th 14% below peers
Sacramento, CA 7.2% 11th -0.7pp 5th 1% below peers
Atlanta, GA 4.5% 1st -0.4pp 6th 38% below peers
Oakland, CA 7.9% 15th -0.6pp 7th 8% above peers
Omaha, NE 5.6% 5th -0.3pp 8th 23% below peers
Albuquerque, NM 7.2% 12th -0.4pp 9th 1% below peers
New Orleans, LA 8.1% 16th -0.4pp 10th 10% above peers
Fresno, CA 8.9% 21st -0.4pp 11th 23% above peers
Long Beach, CA 7.3% 14th -0.3pp 12th on par with peers
Cleveland, OH 10.4% 24th -0.2pp 13th 42% above peers
Aurora, CO 8.1% 17th -0.1pp 14th 11% above peers
Tucson, AZ 7.3% 13th -0.0pp 15th on par with peers
Raleigh, NC 4.7% 2nd -0.0pp 16th 36% below peers
Tampa, FL 5.2% 4th +0.0pp 17th 28% below peers
Mesa, AZ 8.5% 19th +0.3pp 18th 17% above peers
Colorado Springs, CO 6.7% 9th +0.5pp 19th 9% below peers
Milwaukee, WI 8.8% 20th +0.7pp 20th 21% above peers
Wichita, KS 9.0% 22nd +1.7pp 21st 24% above peers
Minneapolis, MN 4.9% 3rd +1.0pp 22nd 33% below peers
Bakersfield, CA 10.0% 23rd +2.0pp 23rd 37% above peers
Virginia Beach, VA 6.8% 10th +1.9pp 24th 7% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 112 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EducationTeens not in school and not working
Loading tract map…
16 of 112 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 4 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

1
Cities of similar size (250k-1m) that started mid-pack, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Chandler, AZ down 3.9pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 99% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B14005) through 2024 ±1.9pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys *Early signal: consecutive releases agree on direction only; the size of the newest movement is not measurable from overlapping surveys. about this metric
See all Education data →
Demographics 4 indicators
Demographics

Population

No better direction Falling
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Population fell about 2% between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 466,776 to 455,548 - more than the combined survey margin (±161).

Broader trend
9% of similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction; 83% moved the other way.
Longer view
Population fell about 3% from 2014 to 2024 (468,594 to 455,548).
455,548
20102024
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Bakersfield, CA 411,986 18th +9% 1st 10% below peers
Aurora, CO 394,432 22nd +7% 2nd 14% below peers
Sacramento, CA 528,706 5th +6% 3rd 15% above peers
Kansas City, MO 510,612 7th +5% 4th 11% above peers
Colorado Springs, CO 487,887 10th +5% 5th 6% above peers
Fresno, CA 545,970 4th +4% 6th 19% above peers
Raleigh, NC 481,031 11th +4% 7th 5% above peers
Tampa, FL 401,618 19th +4% 8th 13% below peers
Atlanta, GA 505,268 8th +3% 9th 10% above peers
Oakland, CA 439,418 15th +3% 10th 4% below peers
Tulsa, OK 413,794 17th +3% 11th 10% below peers
Omaha, NE 488,837 9th +3% 12th 6% above peers
Mesa, AZ 511,764 6th +2% 13th 11% above peers
Wichita, KS 397,945 20th +2% 14th 13% below peers
Minneapolis, MN 427,246 16th +2% 15th 7% below peers
Virginia Beach, VA 456,349 13th +1% 16th 1% below peers
Miami, FL 459,745 12th +1% 17th on par with peers
Tucson, AZ 547,073 3rd +1% 18th 19% above peers
Arlington, TX 397,742 21st +1% 19th 13% below peers
Albuquerque, NM 562,218 2nd +1% 20th 22% above peers
Long Beach, CA 455,548 14th -2% 21st 1% below peers
Milwaukee, WI 566,973 1st -5% 22nd 23% above peers
New Orleans, LA 371,853 23rd -5% 23rd 19% below peers
Cleveland, OH 366,097 24th -5% 24th 20% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 112 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: blue tracts rose, orange tracts fell. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
DemographicsPopulation
Loading tract map…
16 of 112 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±128 at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Demographics

Children's share of the population

No better direction Falling
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Children fell 2.5 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 22.4% to 19.9% - more than the combined survey margin (±0.6pp).

Broader trend
91% of similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction.
Longer view
Children fell 3.8 percentage points from 2017 to 2024 (23.7% to 19.9%).
Big move 19.9%
20172024
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
California ref 22.0% -1.0pp
United States ref 21.9% -0.7pp
Tulsa, OK 24.1% 6th -0.4pp 1st 10% above peers
Virginia Beach, VA 21.9% 11th -0.4pp 2nd on par with peers
New Orleans, LA 19.7% 18th -0.4pp 3rd 10% below peers
Milwaukee, WI 25.4% 3rd -0.6pp 4th 16% above peers
Bakersfield, CA 29.2% 1st -0.7pp 5th 34% above peers
Kansas City, MO 22.5% 10th -0.6pp 6th 3% above peers
Arlington, TX 24.8% 4th -0.8pp 7th 14% above peers
Fresno, CA 27.4% 2nd -1.0pp 8th 26% above peers
Omaha, NE 24.2% 5th -0.9pp 9th 11% above peers
Wichita, KS 24.1% 7th -1.2pp 10th 10% above peers
Cleveland, OH 21.0% 14th -1.1pp 11th 4% below peers
Raleigh, NC 19.8% 17th -1.0pp 12th 9% below peers
Oakland, CA 18.9% 21st -1.0pp 13th 14% below peers
Minneapolis, MN 18.8% 22nd -1.0pp 14th 14% below peers
Miami, FL 16.5% 24th -1.0pp 15th 24% below peers
Colorado Springs, CO 21.8% 12th -1.4pp 16th on par with peers
Aurora, CO 23.9% 8th -1.5pp 17th 9% above peers
Sacramento, CA 21.5% 13th -1.6pp 18th 1% below peers
Mesa, AZ 22.5% 9th -1.8pp 19th 3% above peers
Tucson, AZ 19.4% 20th -1.8pp 20th 11% below peers
Atlanta, GA 16.6% 23rd -1.6pp 21st 24% below peers
Albuquerque, NM 20.3% 15th -2.1pp 22nd 7% below peers
Tampa, FL 19.4% 19th -2.1pp 23rd 11% below peers
Long Beach, CA 19.9% 16th -2.5pp 24th 9% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 112 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: blue tracts rose, orange tracts fell. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
DemographicsChildren's share of the population
Loading tract map…
16 of 112 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 3 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±0.5pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Demographics

Children in single-parent families

No better direction No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Single-parent changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (37.4% then, 40.2% now; margin ±3.0pp).

Broader trend
30% of similar-size cities show a real change in either direction.
Longer view
Single-parent fell 1.2 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (41.4% to 40.2%).
40.2%
20102024
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
California ref 28.5% +0.7pp
United States ref 29.9% -0.2pp
Aurora, CO 34.0% 19th +4.7pp 1st 12% below peers
Virginia Beach, VA 30.6% 22nd +2.5pp 2nd 21% below peers
Sacramento, CA 36.9% 13th +2.8pp 3rd 5% below peers
Long Beach, CA 40.2% 9th +2.8pp 4th 4% above peers
Omaha, NE 33.3% 20th +1.9pp 5th 14% below peers
Albuquerque, NM 42.2% 7th +2.4pp 6th 9% above peers
Milwaukee, WI 61.4% 2nd +2.9pp 7th 58% above peers
Bakersfield, CA 35.5% 16th +1.4pp 8th 9% below peers
Oakland, CA 35.8% 15th +1.3pp 9th 8% below peers
Cleveland, OH 71.9% 1st +1.9pp 10th 85% above peers
Raleigh, NC 34.8% 17th -0.5pp 11th 10% below peers
Mesa, AZ 30.4% 23rd -0.5pp 12th 22% below peers
Kansas City, MO 38.8% 12th -1.3pp 13th on par with peers
Tucson, AZ 43.2% 5th -1.7pp 14th 11% above peers
Wichita, KS 34.6% 18th -1.6pp 15th 11% below peers
Tampa, FL 40.1% 10th -2.4pp 16th 3% above peers
Minneapolis, MN 35.9% 14th -2.3pp 17th 8% below peers
Tulsa, OK 39.2% 11th -2.7pp 18th 1% above peers
New Orleans, LA 53.7% 3rd -4.0pp 19th 38% above peers
Fresno, CA 40.9% 8th -3.3pp 20th 5% above peers
Miami, FL 42.6% 6th -3.5pp 21st 10% above peers
Arlington, TX 32.6% 21st -3.0pp 22nd 16% below peers
Colorado Springs, CO 26.4% 24th -2.6pp 23rd 32% below peers
Atlanta, GA 46.5% 4th -6.6pp 24th 20% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 112 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: blue tracts rose, orange tracts fell. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
DemographicsChildren in single-parent families
Loading tract map…
15 of 112 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 5 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B09002) through 2024 ±2.4pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Demographics

Young children with all parents in the labor force

No better direction Rising
Compared against How peers are chosen →
What changed

Working parents rose 5.9 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 65.4% to 71.3% - more than the combined survey margin (±4.4pp).

Broader trend
13% of similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction.
Longer view
Working parents rose 5.4 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (65.9% to 71.3%).
Big move 71.3%
20102024
▸ Compare all 24 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
California ref 66.5% +3.8pp
United States ref 68.1% +1.9pp
Sacramento, CA 71.9% 5th +7.6pp 1st 2% above peers
Oakland, CA 71.6% 8th +7.0pp 2nd 2% above peers
Tampa, FL 74.3% 3rd +6.3pp 3rd 6% above peers
Long Beach, CA 71.3% 9th +5.9pp 4th 1% above peers
Fresno, CA 65.0% 18th +3.6pp 5th 8% below peers
Virginia Beach, VA 68.8% 15th +3.6pp 6th 2% below peers
Arlington, TX 67.2% 17th +1.8pp 7th 4% below peers
Colorado Springs, CO 62.0% 24th +1.6pp 8th 12% below peers
Mesa, AZ 63.5% 20th +1.6pp 9th 10% below peers
Atlanta, GA 75.7% 1st +1.7pp 10th 8% above peers
Raleigh, NC 70.5% 11th +1.4pp 11th on par with peers
Milwaukee, WI 72.5% 4th +1.3pp 12th 3% above peers
Wichita, KS 70.3% 12th +1.2pp 13th on par with peers
Tulsa, OK 63.8% 19th +0.9pp 14th 9% below peers
Albuquerque, NM 69.7% 14th +0.6pp 15th 1% below peers
Miami, FL 67.6% 16th +0.3pp 16th 4% below peers
Kansas City, MO 71.9% 7th -0.3pp 17th 2% above peers
New Orleans, LA 70.2% 13th -1.0pp 18th on par with peers
Cleveland, OH 71.9% 6th -1.7pp 19th 2% above peers
Aurora, CO 63.5% 21st -1.9pp 20th 10% below peers
Omaha, NE 70.8% 10th -2.1pp 21st 1% above peers
Bakersfield, CA 62.4% 23rd -1.9pp 22nd 11% below peers
Minneapolis, MN 74.6% 2nd -3.9pp 23rd 6% above peers
Tucson, AZ 62.5% 22nd -3.9pp 24th 11% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 112 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: blue tracts rose, orange tracts fell. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
DemographicsYoung children with all parents in the labor force
Loading tract map…
14 of 112 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 7 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B23008) through 2024 ±3.7pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
See all Demographics data →