DataWorks Commons
Dayton, OH
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Dayton, OH

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136,579 people (2024) 100k-250k Midwest

Bright spots 10 indicators

Where Dayton, OH shows a real improvement in recent years, or stands clearly ahead of its peers. How this is calculated →
Household income
Median household income
$45,247
2020-24
▲ 39%
relative change
$32,540 in 2019
Real improvement Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
3.7%
May 2026
▼ 36%
relative change
5.8% a year earlier
Holding up better than peers Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
No vehicle
Households without a vehicle
15.9%
2020-24
▼ 20%
relative change
19.8% in 2019
Real improvement Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
College attainment
Adults with a bachelor's degree or higher
21.6%
2020-24
▲ 17%
relative change
18.4% in 2019
Real improvement Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Uninsured
People without health insurance
8.0%
2020-24
▼ 12%
relative change
9.1% in 2019
Real improvement Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Broadband
Households with a broadband internet subscription
85.6%
2020-24
▲ 12%
relative change
76.3% in 2019
Real improvement Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Poverty
Share of people below the poverty level
24.6%
2020-24
▼ 12%
relative change
27.8% in 2019
Real improvement Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Child poverty
Share of children below the poverty level
40.6%
2020-24
▼ 9%
relative change
44.5% in 2019
Real improvement Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
SNAP
Households receiving SNAP
25.8%
2019-23
▼ 9%
relative change
28.2% in 2018
Real improvement Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Homicide
Homicide rate
19 /100k
May 2026
▼ 30%
relative change
27 a year earlier
Dropping fast, still behind peers Trailing peers
Learn more ↓

What needs attention 7 indicators

Where Dayton, OH shows a real worsening in recent years, or trails its peers clearly. How this is calculated →
Vehicle theft
Motor vehicle theft rate
1,082 /100k
May 2026
▼ 16%
relative change
1,295 a year earlier
Behind peers, dropping too slowly Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Property crime
Property crime rate
4,087 /100k
May 2026
▼ 4%
relative change
4,254 a year earlier
Behind peers, dropping too slowly Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Inequality
Income inequality (Gini index)
0.48
2020-24
▼ 1%
relative change
0.49 in 2019
No measurable change Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Homeownership
Homeownership rate
48.4%
2020-24
▲ 4%
relative change
46.5% in 2019
No measurable change Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Preschool enrollment
Children ages 3-4 enrolled in preschool
40.3%
2020-24
▲ 9%
relative change
36.9% in 2019
No measurable change Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Violent crime
Violent crime rate
1,337 /100k
May 2026
▼ <1%
relative change
1,349 a year earlier
Behind peers, dropping too slowly Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Child uninsured
Children without health insurance
5.8%
2020-24
▼ 9%
relative change
6.3% in 2019
No measurable change Trailing peers
Learn more ↓

Big shifts 5 indicators

Real moves and big gaps, where neither direction is simply good or bad. Biggest relative change first; big-gap cards come last. How this is calculated →
Rent
Typical asking rent
$1,207
Jun 2026
▲ 3%
relative change
$1,168 a year earlier
Rising recently Among the lowest of peers
Learn more ↓
Population
136,579
2020-24
▼ 3%
relative change
140,569 in 2019
Falling Among the lowest of peers
Learn more ↓
Starter homes
Starter home value (bottom tier)
$72,552
Jun 2026
▲ 2%
relative change
$71,375 a year earlier
Rising recently Among the lowest of peers
Learn more ↓
Home value
Typical home value
$141,446
Jun 2026
▲ 1%
relative change
$139,697 a year earlier
Rising recently Among the lowest of peers
Learn more ↓
Single-parent
Children in single-parent families
62.8%
2020-24
▲ 3%
relative change
61.1% in 2019
No measurable change Among the highest of peers
Learn more ↓

All indicators

Public Safety
Public Safety

Violent crime rate

▼ Lower is better Improving recently, trailing peers
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Violent crime fell about 1% over the 12 months ending May 2026, slower than 75% of similar-size cities.

Multi-year view: violent crime rose about 6% a year from 2021 to 2026. That is movement in the wrong direction.
Longer view: violent crime rose about 7% a year from 2018 to 2026.
Most recent monthly reading: 1,337 in May 2026, down from 1,349 a year earlier.
1,337 per 100k
2018May 2026
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 21 similar-size cities by change rank
Each place's latest 12 months compares against its prior 12. significant improvement · significant worsening · within chance fluctuation for counts this size (Poisson test at 90%; these are administrative tallies, so the test covers event randomness, not survey error).
Place Latestper 100k Today's rank Changelast 12 months Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
U.S. (RTCI sample) ref 456 (Apr 26) -9.3%
Carrollton, TX 96 (May 26) 1st -53.8% 1st 69% below peers
Fullerton, CA 311 (May 26) 11th -35.0% 2nd on par with peers
Santa Clara, CA 138 (May 26) 3rd -23.6% 3rd 56% below peers
New Haven, CT 391 (Apr 26) 17th -19.8% 4th 26% above peers
Torrance, CA 276 (May 26) 9th -19.5% 5th 11% below peers
Visalia, CA 373 (May 26) 16th -16.4% 6th 20% above peers
West Valley City, UT 358 (May 26) 13th -12.1% 7th 15% above peers
Sterling Heights, MI 210 (May 26) 6th -11.9% 8th 33% below peers
Fargo, ND 370 (May 26) 15th -11.4% 9th 19% above peers
Elizabeth, NJ 344 (May 26) 12th -10.4% 10th 10% above peers
Pasadena, CA 406 (May 26) 19th -7.0% 11th 31% above peers
Hampton, VA 242 (Apr 26) 7th -6.4% 12th 22% below peers
Lewisville, TX 196 (May 26) 5th -5.6% 13th 37% below peers
Waco, TX 402 (May 26) 18th -3.9% 14th 29% above peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 250 (May 26) 8th -2.5% 15th 20% below peers
Dayton, OH 1,337 (May 26) 21st -0.9% 16th 330% above peers
Norman, OK 290 (Dec 25) 10th +2.4% 17th 7% below peers
Stamford, CT 151 (May 26) 4th +3.9% 18th 51% below peers
Meridian, ID 137 (May 26) 2nd +4.7% 19th 56% below peers
Warren, MI 498 (May 26) 20th +5.6% 20th 60% above peers
Midland, TX 369 (May 26) 14th +20.8% 21st 19% above peers
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (100k-250k) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Because this metric moves monthly, each listed city also held or improved over its own most recent 12 months (shown on each row), and the list is ordered by that recent movement. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • North Charleston, SC down about 38% over the 12 months ending May 2026 · sustained: down about 8% a year · 2021-2026
  • Fayetteville, NC down about 37% over the 12 months ending May 2026 · sustained: down about 12% a year · 2021-2026
  • New Haven, CT down about 20% over the 12 months ending April 2026 · sustained: down about 8% a year · 2021-2026
Real-Time Crime Index through 2026-04 administrative trend: robust fit about this metric
Public Safety

Property crime rate

▼ Lower is better Improving recently, trailing peers
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Property crime fell about 4% over the 12 months ending May 2026, slower than 85% of similar-size cities.

Multi-year view: property crime rose about 1% a year from 2021 to 2026. That is movement in the wrong direction.
Longer view: property crime fell about 1% a year from 2018 to 2026.
Most recent monthly reading: 4,087 in May 2026, down from 4,254 a year earlier.
4,087 per 100k
2018May 2026
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 21 similar-size cities by change rank
Each place's latest 12 months compares against its prior 12. significant improvement · significant worsening · within chance fluctuation for counts this size (Poisson test at 90%; these are administrative tallies, so the test covers event randomness, not survey error).
Place Latestper 100k Today's rank Changelast 12 months Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
U.S. (RTCI sample) ref 1,987 (Apr 26) -12.2%
Carrollton, TX 954 (May 26) 2nd -48.1% 1st 46% below peers
Fullerton, CA 1,547 (May 26) 8th -21.1% 2nd 12% below peers
Meridian, ID 398 (May 26) 1st -21.0% 3rd 77% below peers
Visalia, CA 1,577 (May 26) 9th -20.8% 4th 10% below peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 1,974 (May 26) 12th -20.6% 5th 13% above peers
Warren, MI 1,270 (May 26) 5th -17.0% 6th 28% below peers
Elizabeth, NJ 2,165 (May 26) 14th -16.3% 7th 23% above peers
Torrance, CA 2,409 (May 26) 16th -14.5% 8th 37% above peers
Hampton, VA 2,569 (Apr 26) 17th -11.5% 9th 46% above peers
Norman, OK 2,095 (Dec 25) 13th -11.4% 10th 19% above peers
Fargo, ND 3,012 (May 26) 19th -10.5% 11th 72% above peers
Sterling Heights, MI 1,038 (May 26) 4th -9.0% 12th 41% below peers
Waco, TX 1,753 (May 26) 11th -9.0% 13th on par with peers
New Haven, CT 3,154 (Apr 26) 20th -7.4% 14th 80% above peers
West Valley City, UT 1,627 (May 26) 10th -7.4% 15th 7% below peers
Stamford, CT 1,003 (May 26) 3rd -5.5% 16th 43% below peers
Pasadena, CA 2,279 (May 26) 15th -4.2% 17th 30% above peers
Dayton, OH 4,087 (May 26) 21st -3.9% 18th 133% above peers
Lewisville, TX 1,405 (May 26) 6th +1.6% 19th 20% below peers
Santa Clara, CA 2,628 (May 26) 18th +2.7% 20th 50% above peers
Midland, TX 1,507 (May 26) 7th +46.6% 21st 14% below peers
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (100k-250k) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Because this metric moves monthly, each listed city also held or improved over its own most recent 12 months (shown on each row), and the list is ordered by that recent movement. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Salem, OR down about 41% over the 12 months ending May 2026 · sustained: down about 11% a year · 2021-2026
  • Knoxville, TN down about 24% over the 12 months ending May 2026 · sustained: down about 10% a year · 2021-2026
  • Tacoma, WA down about 20% over the 12 months ending May 2026 · sustained: down about 15% a year · 2021-2026
Real-Time Crime Index through 2026-04 administrative trend: robust fit about this metric
Public Safety

Homicide rate

▼ Lower is better Improving recently
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Homicide fell about 30% over the 12 months ending May 2026, faster than 65% of similar-size cities.

Multi-year view: homicide fell about 8% a year from 2021 to 2026, slower than 60% of similar-size cities. The change does not yet pass the noise and consistency checks, so treat it as a raw signal.
Longer view: homicide fell about 5% a year from 2018 to 2026.
Most recent monthly reading: 19 in May 2026, down from 27 a year earlier.
19 per 100k
2018May 2026
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 21 similar-size cities by change rank
Each place's latest 12 months compares against its prior 12. significant improvement · significant worsening · within chance fluctuation for counts this size (Poisson test at 90%; these are administrative tallies, so the test covers event randomness, not survey error).
Place Latestper 100k Today's rank Changelast 12 months Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
U.S. (RTCI sample) ref 6 (Apr 26) -17.8%
Sterling Heights, MI 0 (May 26) 1st -100.0% 1st 100% below peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 1 (May 26) 5th -75.0% 2nd 73% below peers
Warren, MI 2 (May 26) 10th -62.6% 3rd 19% below peers
Waco, TX 3 (May 26) 11th -42.8% 4th on par with peers
New Haven, CT 8 (Apr 26) 19th -35.3% 5th 191% above peers
Lewisville, TX 3 (May 26) 12th -34.0% 6th 7% above peers
Dayton, OH 19 (May 26) 21st -29.7% 7th 608% above peers
Elizabeth, NJ 2 (May 26) 9th -25.1% 8th 21% below peers
Hampton, VA 12 (Apr 26) 20th -15.0% 9th 356% above peers
Pasadena, CA 1 (May 26) 6th +0.0% 10th 73% below peers
Stamford, CT 1 (May 26) 3rd +0.0% 11th 74% below peers
Fullerton, CA 1 (May 26) 4th +0.0% 12th 73% below peers
Fargo, ND 4 (May 26) 15th +0.0% 13th 33% above peers
Meridian, ID 1 (May 26) 2nd +0.0% 14th 75% below peers
West Valley City, UT 7 (May 26) 18th +11.0% 15th 169% above peers
Visalia, CA 5 (May 26) 17th +16.7% 16th 76% above peers
Midland, TX 3 (May 26) 14th +66.3% 17th 26% above peers
Norman, OK 3 (Dec 25) 13th +300.5% 18th 13% above peers
Carrollton, TX 4 (May 26) 16th 36% above peers
Torrance, CA 1 (May 26) 8th 46% below peers
Santa Clara, CA 1 (May 26) 7th 72% below peers
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (100k-250k) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Because this metric moves monthly, each listed city also held or improved over its own most recent 12 months (shown on each row), and the list is ordered by that recent movement. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Bridgeport, CT down about 50% over the 12 months ending May 2026 · sustained: down about 17% a year · 2021-2026
  • Richmond, VA down about 41% over the 12 months ending May 2026 · sustained: down about 11% a year · 2021-2026
  • Rockford, IL down about 40% over the 12 months ending May 2026 · sustained: down about 12% a year · 2021-2026
Real-Time Crime Index through 2026-04 administrative trend: robust fit about this metric
Public Safety

Motor vehicle theft rate

▼ Lower is better Improving recently
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Vehicle theft fell about 16% over the 12 months ending May 2026, slower than 65% of similar-size cities.

Multi-year view: vehicle theft rose about 22% a year from 2021 to 2026. That is movement in the wrong direction.
Longer view: vehicle theft rose about 18% a year from 2018 to 2026.
Most recent monthly reading: 1,082 in May 2026, down from 1,295 a year earlier.
1,082 per 100k
2018May 2026
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 21 similar-size cities by change rank
Each place's latest 12 months compares against its prior 12. significant improvement · significant worsening · within chance fluctuation for counts this size (Poisson test at 90%; these are administrative tallies, so the test covers event randomness, not survey error).
Place Latestper 100k Today's rank Changelast 12 months Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
U.S. (RTCI sample) ref 303 (Apr 26) -22.2%
Carrollton, TX 114 (May 26) 3rd -53.1% 1st 39% below peers
Sterling Heights, MI 106 (May 26) 2nd -43.7% 2nd 44% below peers
Lewisville, TX 171 (May 26) 9th -36.8% 3rd 9% below peers
Warren, MI 217 (May 26) 14th -35.4% 4th 15% above peers
Visalia, CA 193 (May 26) 12th -34.5% 5th 3% above peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 145 (May 26) 6th -32.4% 6th 23% below peers
Pasadena, CA 164 (May 26) 7th -32.1% 7th 13% below peers
Elizabeth, NJ 405 (May 26) 19th -28.8% 8th 115% above peers
Stamford, CT 115 (May 26) 4th -27.5% 9th 39% below peers
Fullerton, CA 140 (May 26) 5th -26.7% 10th 26% below peers
Torrance, CA 347 (May 26) 18th -25.0% 11th 84% above peers
New Haven, CT 573 (Apr 26) 20th -24.2% 12th 204% above peers
Norman, OK 188 (Dec 25) 11th -21.8% 13th on par with peers
Dayton, OH 1,082 (May 26) 21st -16.5% 14th 475% above peers
Meridian, ID 23 (May 26) 1st -12.8% 15th 88% below peers
Fargo, ND 302 (May 26) 15th -10.4% 16th 61% above peers
Santa Clara, CA 311 (May 26) 16th -9.9% 17th 65% above peers
West Valley City, UT 216 (May 26) 13th -5.1% 18th 15% above peers
Waco, TX 168 (May 26) 8th -4.6% 19th 11% below peers
Hampton, VA 325 (Apr 26) 17th +21.4% 20th 73% above peers
Midland, TX 185 (May 26) 10th +29.0% 21st 2% below peers
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (100k-250k) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Because this metric moves monthly, each listed city also held or improved over its own most recent 12 months (shown on each row), and the list is ordered by that recent movement. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Boulder, CO down about 56% over the 12 months ending May 2026 · sustained: down about 15% a year · 2021-2026
  • Salem, OR down about 53% over the 12 months ending May 2026 · sustained: down about 18% a year · 2021-2026
  • Centennial, CO down about 40% over the 12 months ending May 2026 · sustained: down about 18% a year · 2021-2026
Real-Time Crime Index through 2026-04 administrative trend: robust fit about this metric
See all Public Safety data →
Economy
Economy

Median household income

▲ Higher is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Household income rose about 39% between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from $32,540 to $45,247 (each survey's own dollars, not adjusted for inflation) - more than the combined survey margin (±$2,091). 30 of the 30 similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction. It started among the weakest third of similar-size cities, so some rebound is expected; still, the improvement is sustained and worth investigating.

Improving beyond the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 30 of 30 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: household income rose about 61% from 2014 to 2024 ($28,174 to $45,247).
$45,247
20102024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 31 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref $71,389 +26%
United States ref $80,734 +28%
Santa Clara, CA $178,958 1st +42% 1st 124% above peers
Palm Bay, FL $72,614 19th +41% 2nd 9% below peers
Meridian, ID $100,795 8th +41% 3rd 26% above peers
Dayton, OH $45,247 30th +39% 4th 43% below peers
West Valley City, UT $92,209 11th +39% 5th 15% above peers
Lewisville, TX $89,233 13th +38% 6th 12% above peers
Lehigh Acres, FL $66,890 24th +38% 7th 16% below peers
Victorville, CA $74,410 17th +38% 8th 7% below peers
Elizabeth, NJ $66,555 25th +37% 9th 17% below peers
Waco, TX $54,365 29th +35% 10th 32% below peers
New Haven, CT $56,851 27th +35% 11th 29% below peers
Visalia, CA $81,989 15th +32% 12th 3% above peers
Fullerton, CA $104,286 6th +30% 13th 31% above peers
Carrollton, TX $101,396 7th +29% 14th 27% above peers
Warren, MI $64,016 26th +29% 15th 20% below peers
Carolina zona urbana, PR $37,726 31st +29% 16th 53% below peers
Kent, WA $92,302 10th +28% 17th 16% above peers
Orange, CA $117,113 2nd +28% 18th 47% above peers
Pasadena, CA $105,192 5th +27% 19th 32% above peers
Miramar, FL $89,125 14th +26% 20th 12% above peers
Torrance, CA $116,217 3rd +24% 21st 45% above peers
Hampton, VA $69,621 21st +24% 22nd 13% below peers
Sterling Heights, MI $79,909 16th +23% 23rd on par with peers
Metairie, LA $73,042 18th +23% 24th 9% below peers
Coral Springs, FL $93,602 9th +21% 25th 17% above peers
Fargo, ND $66,998 23rd +21% 26th 16% below peers
Cedar Rapids, IA $70,424 20th +20% 27th 12% below peers
Stamford, CT $111,586 4th +20% 28th 40% above peers
Columbia, SC $55,529 28th +17% 29th 31% below peers
Norman, OK $67,704 22nd +16% 30th 15% below peers
Midland, TX $89,585 12th +13% 31st 12% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 47 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EconomyMedian household income
Loading tract map…
4 of 47 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸ Break down by group Race · ACS 2024
Loading breakdown…
How breakdowns work →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (100k-250k) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Hialeah, FL up about 59% between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Nampa, ID up about 52% between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Providence, RI up about 49% between its surveys · a larger real gain than 99% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±$1,703 at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Economy

Unemployment rate

▼ Lower is better Worsening, faster than peers
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Unemployment rose about 0.5 percentage points a year from 2022 to 2025. That is movement in the wrong direction.

Worsening faster than 70% of similar-size cities over 2022-2025.
Longer view: unemployment fell about 0.1 percentage points a year from 2015 to 2025.
Most recent monthly reading: 3.7% in May 2026, down from 5.8% a year earlier.
3.7%
1990May 2026
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 28 similar-size cities by change rank
Place Latest Today's rank Changelast 12 months Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 3.7% (May 26) -1.0pp
United States ref 4.2% (Jun 26) +0.1pp
Dayton, OH 3.7% (May 26) 9th -2.1pp 1st 12% below peers
Elizabeth, NJ 5.2% (May 26) 24th -1.3pp 2nd 24% above peers
Visalia, CA 4.8% (May 26) 21st -0.6pp 3rd 14% above peers
Pasadena, CA 4.7% (May 26) 20th -0.6pp 4th 12% above peers
Victorville, CA 6.0% (May 26) 26th -0.5pp 5th 43% above peers
Fargo, ND 1.9% (May 26) 1st -0.5pp 6th 55% below peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 3.2% (May 26) 4th -0.3pp 7th 24% below peers
Santa Clara, CA 3.1% (May 26) 3rd -0.3pp 8th 26% below peers
Columbia, SC 4.5% (May 26) 17th -0.2pp 9th 7% above peers
Torrance, CA 4.5% (May 26) 18th -0.2pp 10th 7% above peers
Orange, CA 3.4% (May 26) 6th -0.1pp 11th 19% below peers
Fullerton, CA 3.8% (May 26) 11th -0.1pp 12th 10% below peers
West Valley City, UT 3.5% (May 26) 7th +0.0pp 13th 17% below peers
Hampton, VA 4.1% (May 26) 13th +0.1pp 14th 2% below peers
Waco, TX 4.1% (May 26) 14th +0.2pp 15th 2% below peers
Midland, TX 3.2% (May 26) 5th +0.2pp 16th 24% below peers
Lewisville, TX 3.6% (May 26) 8th +0.2pp 17th 14% below peers
Meridian, ID 3.0% (May 26) 2nd +0.2pp 18th 29% below peers
Carrollton, TX 3.7% (May 26) 10th +0.3pp 19th 12% below peers
Kent, WA 5.1% (May 26) 23rd +0.4pp 20th 21% above peers
Sterling Heights, MI 5.7% (May 26) 25th +0.5pp 21st 36% above peers
Warren, MI 6.8% (May 26) 28th +0.6pp 22nd 62% above peers
Miramar, FL 4.2% (May 26) 15th +1.0pp 23rd on par with peers
Palm Bay, FL 4.9% (May 26) 22nd +1.0pp 24th 17% above peers
Norman, OK 4.0% (May 26) 12th +1.1pp 25th 5% below peers
Stamford, CT 4.4% (May 26) 16th +1.1pp 26th 5% above peers
Coral Springs, FL 4.6% (May 26) 19th +1.2pp 27th 10% above peers
New Haven, CT 6.2% (May 26) 27th +1.5pp 28th 48% above peers
BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics through 2025 administrative trend: robust fit about this metric
Economy

Share of people below the poverty level

▼ Lower is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Poverty fell 3.2 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 27.8% to 24.6% - more than the combined survey margin (±2.2pp). 12 of the 30 similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction. It started among the weakest third of similar-size cities, so some rebound is expected; still, the improvement is sustained and worth investigating.

Improving beyond the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 15 of 30 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: poverty fell 7.6 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (32.2% to 24.6%).
24.6%
20112024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 31 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 12.9% -0.7pp
United States ref 12.0%
Meridian, ID 6.0% 1st -2.6pp 1st 51% below peers
Visalia, CA 11.4% 14th -4.6pp 2nd 6% below peers
Lewisville, TX 7.8% 5th -2.6pp 3rd 36% below peers
Coral Springs, FL 7.5% 3rd -2.3pp 4th 38% below peers
Orange, CA 9.1% 8th -2.4pp 5th 25% below peers
West Valley City, UT 9.8% 9th -2.5pp 6th 19% below peers
Kent, WA 10.7% 12th -2.5pp 7th 12% below peers
Hampton, VA 12.4% 19th -2.3pp 8th 2% above peers
Warren, MI 14.7% 22nd -2.7pp 9th 21% above peers
Lehigh Acres, FL 17.0% 25th -2.9pp 10th 40% above peers
Miramar, FL 8.5% 7th -1.5pp 11th 30% below peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 10.6% 11th -1.6pp 12th 13% below peers
Dayton, OH 24.6% 30th -3.2pp 13th 103% above peers
Waco, TX 21.8% 28th -2.7pp 14th 80% above peers
Carolina zona urbana, PR 27.3% 31st -3.4pp 15th 125% above peers
Carrollton, TX 7.1% 2nd -0.9pp 16th 42% below peers
Elizabeth, NJ 15.6% 23rd -1.8pp 17th 29% above peers
Palm Bay, FL 11.6% 15th -1.3pp 18th 4% below peers
New Haven, CT 22.4% 29th -2.4pp 19th 85% above peers
Victorville, CA 17.6% 26th -1.7pp 20th 45% above peers
Pasadena, CA 13.1% 21st -1.1pp 21st 8% above peers
Norman, OK 15.7% 24th -0.8pp 22nd 29% above peers
Fargo, ND 12.3% 17th -0.5pp 23rd 1% above peers
Sterling Heights, MI 11.0% 13th +0.0pp 24th 9% below peers
Fullerton, CA 12.1% 16th +0.0pp 25th on par with peers
Metairie, LA 12.5% 20th +0.7pp 26th 3% above peers
Stamford, CT 10.0% 10th +0.9pp 27th 17% below peers
Torrance, CA 7.7% 4th +0.9pp 28th 36% below peers
Columbia, SC 19.8% 27th +2.6pp 29th 63% above peers
Santa Clara, CA 8.2% 6th +1.7pp 30th 33% below peers
Midland, TX 12.3% 18th +3.2pp 31st 1% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 47 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EconomyShare of people below the poverty level
Loading tract map…
2 of 47 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸ Break down by group Race · Age · Sex · ACS 2024
Loading breakdown…
How breakdowns work →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (100k-250k) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Miami Gardens, FL down 7.2pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • North Charleston, SC down 5.9pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 98% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Tyler, TX down 5.0pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 97% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±1.7pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Economy

Share of children below the poverty level

▼ Lower is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Child poverty fell 3.9 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 44.5% to 40.6% - more than the combined survey margin (±3.7pp). 13 of the 30 similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction. It started among the weakest third of similar-size cities, so some rebound is expected; still, the improvement is sustained and worth investigating.

Improving beyond the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 15 of 30 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: child poverty fell 13.0 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (53.5% to 40.5%).
40.6%
20132024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 31 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 17.8% -2.1pp
United States ref 16.1%
Meridian, ID 5.4% 1st -4.1pp 1st 65% below peers
Lewisville, TX 9.6% 4th -7.1pp 2nd 37% below peers
Visalia, CA 14.2% 11th -6.8pp 3rd 7% below peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 12.0% 9th -5.0pp 4th 21% below peers
Orange, CA 11.0% 7th -4.5pp 5th 28% below peers
West Valley City, UT 12.8% 10th -4.9pp 6th 16% below peers
Warren, MI 21.5% 24th -7.6pp 7th 41% above peers
Coral Springs, FL 10.6% 6th -3.7pp 8th 31% below peers
Lehigh Acres, FL 22.3% 25th -7.3pp 9th 46% above peers
Elizabeth, NJ 19.8% 22nd -5.2pp 10th 30% above peers
Palm Bay, FL 15.2% 16th -2.7pp 11th on par with peers
Kent, WA 17.1% 21st -3.0pp 12th 12% above peers
Hampton, VA 19.8% 23rd -3.4pp 13th 30% above peers
Miramar, FL 10.4% 5th -1.7pp 14th 32% below peers
New Haven, CT 31.2% 29th -5.0pp 15th 105% above peers
Pasadena, CA 15.2% 15th -2.0pp 16th on par with peers
Waco, TX 28.2% 27th -3.4pp 17th 85% above peers
Metairie, LA 16.3% 20th -1.9pp 18th 7% above peers
Dayton, OH 40.5% 30th -4.0pp 19th 166% above peers
Carrollton, TX 11.1% 8th -1.1pp 20th 27% below peers
Victorville, CA 24.8% 26th -1.6pp 21st 63% above peers
Fullerton, CA 15.5% 17th -1.0pp 22nd 2% above peers
Carolina zona urbana, PR 43.7% 31st -1.9pp 23rd 187% above peers
Sterling Heights, MI 16.1% 19th -0.3pp 24th 6% above peers
Norman, OK 14.9% 13th +0.4pp 25th 2% below peers
Columbia, SC 29.8% 28th +3.0pp 26th 96% above peers
Torrance, CA 8.0% 2nd +1.1pp 27th 47% below peers
Fargo, ND 15.2% 14th +2.3pp 28th 1% below peers
Santa Clara, CA 8.2% 3rd +1.5pp 29th 46% below peers
Midland, TX 14.8% 12th +3.3pp 30th 3% below peers
Stamford, CT 15.7% 18th +4.2pp 31st 3% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 47 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EconomyShare of children below the poverty level
Loading tract map…
2 of 47 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (100k-250k) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Miami Gardens, FL down 14.7pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 99% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Gresham, OR down 11.2pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 98% of this group · 2019-2024
  • North Charleston, SC down 13.7pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 96% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±3.0pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Economy

Households with a broadband internet subscription

▲ Higher is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Broadband rose 9.3 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 76.3% to 85.6% - more than the combined survey margin (±1.2pp). 30 of the 30 similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction. It started among the weakest third of similar-size cities, so some rebound is expected; still, the improvement is sustained and worth investigating.

Improving beyond the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 30 of 30 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: broadband rose 15.9 percentage points from 2017 to 2024 (69.7% to 85.6%).
85.6%
20172024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 31 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 90.3% +7.9pp
United States ref 91.1%
Waco, TX 89.0% 28th +13.4pp 1st 4% below peers
Elizabeth, NJ 89.3% 27th +13.5pp 2nd 4% below peers
Carolina zona urbana, PR 90.6% 25th +13.4pp 3rd 2% below peers
Warren, MI 92.0% 22nd +11.1pp 4th 1% below peers
Hampton, VA 93.2% 14th +11.0pp 5th on par with peers
Lehigh Acres, FL 93.0% 15th +10.7pp 6th on par with peers
Dayton, OH 85.6% 31st +9.3pp 7th 8% below peers
Metairie, LA 90.7% 24th +9.7pp 8th 2% below peers
Meridian, ID 95.9% 4th +9.8pp 9th 3% above peers
Pasadena, CA 94.0% 13th +8.2pp 10th 1% above peers
Columbia, SC 88.6% 29th +7.8pp 11th 5% below peers
Midland, TX 92.9% 17th +7.6pp 12th on par with peers
New Haven, CT 89.7% 26th +7.2pp 13th 3% below peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 91.3% 23rd +6.8pp 14th 2% below peers
Carrollton, TX 95.6% 6th +6.8pp 15th 3% above peers
Miramar, FL 92.5% 20th +6.2pp 16th on par with peers
Visalia, CA 92.7% 19th +6.0pp 17th on par with peers
Sterling Heights, MI 94.0% 12th +5.9pp 18th 1% above peers
West Valley City, UT 94.4% 10th +5.9pp 19th 2% above peers
Palm Bay, FL 92.9% 18th +5.6pp 20th on par with peers
Lewisville, TX 96.5% 1st +5.5pp 21st 4% above peers
Fargo, ND 88.4% 30th +4.9pp 22nd 5% below peers
Norman, OK 92.0% 21st +5.0pp 23rd 1% below peers
Stamford, CT 94.3% 11th +5.1pp 24th 1% above peers
Victorville, CA 92.9% 16th +4.6pp 25th on par with peers
Torrance, CA 95.5% 7th +4.4pp 26th 3% above peers
Kent, WA 95.6% 5th +4.0pp 27th 3% above peers
Orange, CA 95.3% 8th +3.4pp 28th 3% above peers
Fullerton, CA 94.4% 9th +3.0pp 29th 2% above peers
Coral Springs, FL 96.2% 2nd +2.9pp 30th 4% above peers
Santa Clara, CA 96.1% 3rd +2.8pp 31st 3% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 47 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EconomyHouseholds with a broadband internet subscription
Loading tract map…
2 of 47 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (100k-250k) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Brownsville, TX up 33.0pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Ponce zona urbana, PR up 25.5pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • East Los Angeles, CA up 20.9pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 99% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±0.7pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Economy

Income inequality (Gini index)

▼ Lower is better No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Inequality changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (0.49 then, 0.48 now; margin ±0.02).

Within the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 3 of 30 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: inequality held roughly steady from 2014 to 2024.
0.48
20102024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 31 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 0.47 +0.002
United States ref 0.48 +0.001
Visalia, CA 0.41 3rd -0.037 1st 9% below peers
Carolina zona urbana, PR 0.47 21st -0.020 2nd 5% above peers
Norman, OK 0.47 20th -0.016 3rd 4% above peers
Fargo, ND 0.46 19th -0.012 4th 3% above peers
Stamford, CT 0.51 28th -0.007 5th 13% above peers
Meridian, ID 0.43 9th -0.006 6th 5% below peers
Dayton, OH 0.48 24th -0.005 7th 7% above peers
Coral Springs, FL 0.42 4th -0.004 8th 7% below peers
Hampton, VA 0.43 12th -0.003 9th 3% below peers
Pasadena, CA 0.50 27th -0.002 10th 13% above peers
West Valley City, UT 0.37 1st +0.000 11th 18% below peers
Warren, MI 0.43 11th +0.001 12th 4% below peers
Waco, TX 0.51 29th +0.002 13th 14% above peers
Lehigh Acres, FL 0.40 2nd +0.002 14th 12% below peers
Kent, WA 0.42 8th +0.003 15th 6% below peers
Torrance, CA 0.44 14th +0.004 16th 1% below peers
Columbia, SC 0.55 31st +0.006 17th 24% above peers
Miramar, FL 0.42 5th +0.005 18th 7% below peers
New Haven, CT 0.53 30th +0.007 19th 17% above peers
Orange, CA 0.45 17th +0.009 20th on par with peers
Metairie, LA 0.48 25th +0.011 21st 8% above peers
Elizabeth, NJ 0.44 13th +0.010 22nd 2% below peers
Sterling Heights, MI 0.42 6th +0.014 23rd 6% below peers
Midland, TX 0.50 26th +0.017 24th 11% above peers
Fullerton, CA 0.47 22nd +0.020 25th 6% above peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 0.45 15th +0.019 26th on par with peers
Carrollton, TX 0.43 10th +0.019 27th 5% below peers
Santa Clara, CA 0.45 18th +0.034 28th on par with peers
Victorville, CA 0.47 23rd +0.042 29th 6% above peers
Lewisville, TX 0.42 7th +0.038 30th 6% below peers
Palm Bay, FL 0.45 16th +0.049 31st on par with peers
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B19083) through 2024 ±0.01 at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Economy

Households receiving SNAP

▼ Lower is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →

SNAP fell 2.4 percentage points between the 2014-2018 and 2019-2023 surveys, from 28.2% to 25.8% - more than the combined survey margin (±2.1pp). 5 of the 30 similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction. It started among the weakest third of similar-size cities, so some rebound is expected; still, the improvement is sustained and worth investigating.

Improving beyond the survey margin, 2014-2018 vs 2019-2023 surveys; 9 of 30 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: snap fell 3.1 percentage points from 2013 to 2023 (28.8% to 25.8%).
25.8%
20102023
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 31 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2019-2023 survey Today's rank Change2014-2018 → 2019-2023 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 12.4% -1.3pp
United States ref 11.8% -0.5pp
Carrollton, TX 3.7% 1st -1.3pp 1st 66% below peers
Meridian, ID 3.8% 3rd -1.3pp 2nd 65% below peers
West Valley City, UT 9.2% 11th -3.0pp 3rd 15% below peers
Lehigh Acres, FL 18.1% 25th -4.9pp 4th 68% above peers
Columbia, SC 13.1% 17th -2.7pp 5th 21% above peers
Fargo, ND 7.1% 6th -1.4pp 6th 35% below peers
Lewisville, TX 7.1% 7th -1.3pp 7th 34% below peers
Waco, TX 14.9% 21st -1.7pp 8th 38% above peers
Dayton, OH 25.8% 28th -2.4pp 9th 138% above peers
Elizabeth, NJ 15.9% 23rd -1.4pp 10th 47% above peers
Norman, OK 9.1% 10th -0.7pp 11th 16% below peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 10.8% 16th -0.7pp 12th on par with peers
Coral Springs, FL 9.3% 14th -0.6pp 13th 14% below peers
Kent, WA 17.6% 24th -0.6pp 14th 63% above peers
New Haven, CT 26.4% 29th +0.1pp 15th 144% above peers
Metairie, LA 8.7% 9th +0.2pp 16th 20% below peers
Visalia, CA 18.7% 26th +1.1pp 17th 73% above peers
Stamford, CT 9.4% 15th +0.6pp 18th 13% below peers
Warren, MI 19.8% 27th +1.2pp 19th 82% above peers
Sterling Heights, MI 13.2% 18th +0.8pp 20th 22% above peers
Victorville, CA 27.1% 30th +2.3pp 21st 150% above peers
Palm Bay, FL 14.2% 20th +1.7pp 22nd 31% above peers
Miramar, FL 13.8% 19th +1.9pp 23rd 27% above peers
Fullerton, CA 9.2% 13th +1.4pp 24th 15% below peers
Midland, TX 7.8% 8th +1.3pp 25th 28% below peers
Carolina zona urbana, PR 32.5% 31st +5.6pp 26th 200% above peers
Orange, CA 6.8% 5th +1.2pp 27th 37% below peers
Hampton, VA 15.1% 22nd +2.9pp 28th 39% above peers
Santa Clara, CA 3.8% 2nd +0.8pp 29th 65% below peers
Torrance, CA 5.2% 4th +2.5pp 30th 52% below peers
Pasadena, CA 9.2% 12th +4.5pp 31st 15% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 47 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2018 to 2023, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EconomyHouseholds receiving SNAP
Loading tract map…
2 of 47 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (100k-250k) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Nampa, ID down 6.4pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 99% of this group · 2018-2023
  • North Charleston, SC down 5.4pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 97% of this group · 2018-2023
  • Chattanooga, TN down 4.7pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 94% of this group · 2018-2023
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2023 ±1.7pp at 90% confidence (2023 estimate) survey trend: 2014-2018 vs 2019-2023 surveys about this metric
See all Economy data →
Housing
Housing

Typical home value

No better direction Rising recently
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Home value rose about 1% over the 12 months ending June 2026, faster than 59% of similar-size cities.

Multi-year view: home value rose about 5% a year from 2021 to 2026, faster than 55% of similar-size cities.
Longer view: home value rose about 18% a year from 2016 to 2026.
Most recent monthly reading: $141,446 in June 2026, up from $139,697 a year earlier.
$141,446
2000June 2026
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities by change rank
Place Latest Today's rank Changelast 12 months Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref $251,502 (Jun 26) +3.5%
United States ref $372,995 (Jun 26) +0.8%
Metairie, LA $334,224 (Jun 26) 18th +8.4% 1st 17% below peers
Stamford, CT $730,252 (Jun 26) 6th +6.8% 2nd 82% above peers
New Haven, CT $340,803 (Jun 26) 17th +5.6% 3rd 15% below peers
Fargo, ND $324,918 (Jun 26) 20th +4.0% 4th 19% below peers
Cedar Rapids, IA $215,210 (Jun 26) 27th +2.4% 5th 46% below peers
Sterling Heights, MI $315,750 (Jun 26) 21st +2.4% 6th 21% below peers
Midland, TX $331,824 (Jun 26) 19th +2.1% 7th 17% below peers
Warren, MI $204,491 (Jun 26) 28th +1.7% 8th 49% below peers
Orange, CA $1,141,755 (Jun 26) 3rd +1.7% 9th 184% above peers
Torrance, CA $1,123,531 (Jun 26) 4th +1.5% 10th 180% above peers
Columbia, SC $232,810 (Jun 26) 26th +1.3% 11th 42% below peers
Norman, OK $265,751 (Jun 26) 25th +1.3% 12th 34% below peers
Dayton, OH $141,446 (Jun 26) 30th +1.3% 13th 65% below peers
Elizabeth, NJ $547,806 (Jun 26) 8th +1.2% 14th 36% above peers
Fullerton, CA $1,053,680 (Jun 26) 5th +1.1% 15th 162% above peers
West Valley City, UT $472,447 (Jun 26) 12th +0.7% 16th 18% above peers
Hampton, VA $283,362 (Jun 26) 23rd +0.7% 17th 29% below peers
Visalia, CA $401,692 (Jun 26) 15th +0.7% 18th on par with peers
Victorville, CA $437,583 (Jun 26) 13th +0.2% 19th 9% above peers
Meridian, ID $538,033 (Jun 26) 9th -0.1% 20th 34% above peers
Pasadena, CA $1,213,522 (Jun 26) 2nd -0.4% 21st 202% above peers
Santa Clara, CA $1,710,119 (Jun 26) 1st -0.8% 22nd 326% above peers
Kent, WA $651,566 (Jun 26) 7th -1.6% 23rd 62% above peers
Waco, TX $200,115 (Jun 26) 29th -2.1% 24th 50% below peers
Palm Bay, FL $305,330 (Jun 26) 22nd -2.6% 25th 24% below peers
Miramar, FL $520,975 (Jun 26) 11th -2.6% 26th 30% above peers
Carrollton, TX $409,845 (Jun 26) 14th -3.2% 27th 2% above peers
Coral Springs, FL $524,239 (Jun 26) 10th -3.5% 28th 31% above peers
Lewisville, TX $395,461 (Jun 26) 16th -4.1% 29th 2% below peers
Lehigh Acres, FL $281,935 (Jun 26) 24th -7.1% 30th 30% below peers
Zillow Home Value Index through 2026-06 modeled trend: robust fit about this metric
Housing

Starter home value (bottom tier)

No better direction Rising recently, faster than peers
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Starter homes rose about 2% over the 12 months ending June 2026, faster than 72% of similar-size cities.

Multi-year view: starter homes rose about 7% a year from 2021 to 2026, faster than 79% of similar-size cities.
Longer view: starter homes rose about 26% a year from 2016 to 2026.
Most recent monthly reading: $72,552 in June 2026, up from $71,375 a year earlier.
$72,552
2000June 2026
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities by change rank
Place Latest Today's rank Changelast 12 months Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref $142,007 (Jun 26) +4.4%
United States ref $202,486 (Jun 26) +2.0%
Metairie, LA $237,310 (Jun 26) 19th +13.6% 1st 25% below peers
New Haven, CT $240,389 (Jun 26) 18th +7.3% 2nd 24% below peers
Stamford, CT $392,879 (Jun 26) 10th +4.5% 3rd 24% above peers
Fargo, ND $229,082 (Jun 26) 21st +4.4% 4th 28% below peers
Cedar Rapids, IA $146,112 (Jun 26) 26th +3.9% 5th 54% below peers
Midland, TX $225,599 (Jun 26) 22nd +2.7% 6th 29% below peers
Sterling Heights, MI $249,711 (Jun 26) 16th +2.6% 7th 21% below peers
Warren, MI $126,201 (Jun 26) 29th +2.0% 8th 60% below peers
Dayton, OH $72,552 (Jun 26) 30th +1.6% 9th 77% below peers
Fullerton, CA $798,210 (Jun 26) 5th +1.6% 10th 153% above peers
Orange, CA $850,078 (Jun 26) 2nd +1.6% 11th 169% above peers
Norman, OK $183,406 (Jun 26) 25th +1.6% 12th 42% below peers
Columbia, SC $142,816 (Jun 26) 27th +1.3% 13th 55% below peers
Hampton, VA $214,320 (Jun 26) 24th +1.1% 14th 32% below peers
Elizabeth, NJ $427,901 (Jun 26) 8th +0.9% 15th 35% above peers
West Valley City, UT $408,896 (Jun 26) 9th +0.8% 16th 29% above peers
Torrance, CA $822,837 (Jun 26) 3rd +0.7% 17th 160% above peers
Visalia, CA $320,428 (Jun 26) 14th +0.6% 18th 1% above peers
Victorville, CA $385,386 (Jun 26) 11th +0.6% 19th 22% above peers
Meridian, ID $434,946 (Jun 26) 7th +0.0% 20th 38% above peers
Pasadena, CA $814,213 (Jun 26) 4th -0.5% 21st 158% above peers
Kent, WA $482,714 (Jun 26) 6th -1.4% 22nd 53% above peers
Waco, TX $127,137 (Jun 26) 28th -2.1% 23rd 60% below peers
Santa Clara, CA $1,097,008 (Jun 26) 1st -2.4% 24th 247% above peers
Carrollton, TX $324,658 (Jun 26) 13th -3.2% 25th 3% above peers
Palm Bay, FL $241,602 (Jun 26) 17th -3.5% 26th 24% below peers
Miramar, FL $366,124 (Jun 26) 12th -3.6% 27th 16% above peers
Lewisville, TX $316,037 (Jun 26) 15th -4.2% 28th on par with peers
Lehigh Acres, FL $230,341 (Jun 26) 20th -7.6% 29th 27% below peers
Coral Springs, FL $220,094 (Jun 26) 23rd -7.8% 30th 30% below peers
Zillow Home Value Index through 2026-06 modeled trend: robust fit about this metric
Housing

Homeownership rate

▲ Higher is better No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Homeownership changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (46.5% then, 48.4% now; margin ±2.3pp).

Within the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 8 of 30 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: homeownership fell 0.9 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (49.3% to 48.4%).
48.4%
20112024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 31 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 67.2% +1.1pp
United States ref 65.2%
Victorville, CA 60.6% 13th +6.5pp 1st 6% above peers
Lehigh Acres, FL 70.0% 6th +7.5pp 2nd 22% above peers
Lewisville, TX 46.3% 25th +4.2pp 3rd 19% below peers
Waco, TX 49.4% 22nd +3.3pp 4th 14% below peers
Palm Bay, FL 79.7% 1st +5.2pp 5th 39% above peers
Elizabeth, NJ 25.6% 31st +1.3pp 6th 55% below peers
West Valley City, UT 72.1% 4th +3.5pp 7th 26% above peers
Dayton, OH 48.4% 24th +1.8pp 8th 15% below peers
Sterling Heights, MI 75.8% 2nd +2.8pp 9th 33% above peers
Kent, WA 57.2% 16th +2.1pp 10th on par with peers
Warren, MI 71.1% 5th +2.0pp 11th 24% above peers
Visalia, CA 61.1% 12th +1.4pp 12th 7% above peers
Hampton, VA 56.9% 17th +1.2pp 13th on par with peers
Metairie, LA 62.1% 11th +1.1pp 14th 9% above peers
New Haven, CT 28.4% 30th +0.4pp 15th 50% below peers
Pasadena, CA 42.5% 28th +0.5pp 16th 26% below peers
Norman, OK 53.3% 20th +0.5pp 17th 7% below peers
Fargo, ND 43.7% 27th +0.0pp 18th 24% below peers
Midland, TX 65.1% 10th +0.1pp 19th 14% above peers
Coral Springs, FL 60.3% 14th -0.2pp 20th 5% above peers
Fullerton, CA 51.9% 21st -0.4pp 21st 9% below peers
Miramar, FL 68.8% 7th -0.6pp 22nd 20% above peers
Columbia, SC 45.5% 26th -0.5pp 23rd 20% below peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 68.5% 8th -0.7pp 24th 20% above peers
Carrollton, TX 58.5% 15th -0.7pp 25th 2% above peers
Torrance, CA 55.0% 19th -0.9pp 26th 4% below peers
Orange, CA 56.7% 18th -1.2pp 27th 1% below peers
Meridian, ID 74.6% 3rd -1.6pp 28th 31% above peers
Carolina zona urbana, PR 67.3% 9th -1.6pp 29th 18% above peers
Santa Clara, CA 40.8% 29th -2.0pp 30th 29% below peers
Stamford, CT 48.8% 23rd -2.8pp 31st 15% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 47 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
HousingHomeownership rate
Loading tract map…
2 of 47 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸ Break down by group Race · ACS 2024
Loading breakdown…
How breakdowns work →
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±1.9pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Housing

Typical asking rent

No better direction Rising recently, faster than peers
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Rent rose about 3% over the 12 months ending June 2026, faster than 86% of similar-size cities.

Multi-year view: rent rose about 7% a year from 2021 to 2026, faster than 90% of similar-size cities.
Longer view: rent rose about 9% a year from 2016 to 2026.
Most recent monthly reading: $1,207 in June 2026, up from $1,168 a year earlier.
$1,207
2015June 2026
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities by change rank
Place Latest Today's rank Changelast 12 months Change rank History Latest vs. peers
United States ref $1,965 (Jun 26) +2.2%
Cedar Rapids, IA $1,288 (Jun 26) 28th +13.0% 1st 32% below peers
Santa Clara, CA $3,890 (Jun 26) 1st +7.2% 2nd 107% above peers
Hampton, VA $1,693 (Jun 26) 17th +5.3% 3rd 10% below peers
Meridian, ID $2,065 (Jun 26) 12th +4.1% 4th 10% above peers
Dayton, OH $1,207 (Jun 26) 29th +3.4% 5th 36% below peers
Torrance, CA $2,997 (Jun 26) 3rd +3.3% 6th 59% above peers
Visalia, CA $1,909 (Jun 26) 14th +3.2% 7th 2% above peers
Fargo, ND $1,088 (Jun 26) 30th +3.2% 8th 42% below peers
Norman, OK $1,383 (Jun 26) 25th +3.1% 9th 26% below peers
Warren, MI $1,337 (Jun 26) 27th +3.0% 10th 29% below peers
Victorville, CA $2,227 (Jun 26) 11th +3.0% 11th 18% above peers
Orange, CA $3,181 (Jun 26) 2nd +2.8% 12th 69% above peers
Fullerton, CA $2,872 (Jun 26) 6th +2.6% 13th 53% above peers
Sterling Heights, MI $1,591 (Jun 26) 22nd +2.1% 14th 15% below peers
New Haven, CT $2,242 (Jun 26) 10th +2.1% 15th 19% above peers
Columbia, SC $1,478 (Jun 26) 24th +1.6% 16th 21% below peers
Carrollton, TX $1,618 (Jun 26) 19th +1.3% 17th 14% below peers
Stamford, CT $2,954 (Jun 26) 4th +1.0% 18th 57% above peers
Elizabeth, NJ $2,255 (Jun 26) 9th +0.9% 19th 20% above peers
Kent, WA $1,978 (Jun 26) 13th +0.8% 20th 5% above peers
Palm Bay, FL $1,881 (Jun 26) 15th +0.6% 21st on par with peers
Waco, TX $1,369 (Jun 26) 26th +0.4% 22nd 27% below peers
Coral Springs, FL $2,357 (Jun 26) 8th -0.0% 23rd 25% above peers
Miramar, FL $2,710 (Jun 26) 7th -0.3% 24th 44% above peers
West Valley City, UT $1,504 (Jun 26) 23rd -0.9% 25th 20% below peers
Lewisville, TX $1,593 (Jun 26) 21st -1.1% 26th 15% below peers
Pasadena, CA $2,939 (Jun 26) 5th -1.3% 27th 56% above peers
Metairie, LA $1,605 (Jun 26) 20th -1.4% 28th 15% below peers
Lehigh Acres, FL $1,856 (Jun 26) 16th -2.8% 29th 1% below peers
Midland, TX $1,634 (Jun 26) 18th -3.8% 30th 13% below peers
Zillow Observed Rent Index through 2026-06 modeled trend: robust fit about this metric
Housing

Housing cost-burdened households

▼ Lower is better No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Cost burden changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (37.9% then, 36.6% now; margin ±2.6pp).

Within the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 6 of 30 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: cost burden fell 7.8 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (44.4% to 36.6%).
36.6%
20102024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 31 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 26.6% -0.1pp
United States ref 32.2% +0.4pp
Santa Clara, CA 30.1% 5th -5.6pp 1st 19% below peers
Carolina zona urbana, PR 31.5% 8th -4.0pp 2nd 16% below peers
Elizabeth, NJ 50.7% 31st -3.2pp 3rd 36% above peers
Victorville, CA 43.0% 24th -2.3pp 4th 15% above peers
New Haven, CT 50.3% 30th -2.7pp 5th 35% above peers
Dayton, OH 36.6% 15th -1.3pp 6th 2% below peers
Meridian, ID 26.1% 1st -0.9pp 7th 30% below peers
Fullerton, CA 44.4% 28th -0.7pp 8th 19% above peers
Orange, CA 40.6% 21st -0.3pp 9th 9% above peers
Warren, MI 31.8% 9th -0.1pp 10th 15% below peers
West Valley City, UT 29.0% 3rd -0.0pp 11th 22% below peers
Waco, TX 41.7% 23rd +0.1pp 12th 12% above peers
Metairie, LA 32.0% 10th +0.1pp 13th 14% below peers
Kent, WA 39.3% 18th +0.2pp 14th 5% above peers
Palm Bay, FL 31.5% 7th +0.2pp 15th 16% below peers
Stamford, CT 43.6% 25th +0.5pp 16th 17% above peers
Visalia, CA 36.1% 14th +0.6pp 17th 3% below peers
Fargo, ND 29.9% 4th +0.8pp 18th 20% below peers
Pasadena, CA 45.6% 29th +1.6pp 19th 22% above peers
Columbia, SC 40.7% 22nd +1.4pp 20th 9% above peers
Lehigh Acres, FL 37.5% 17th +1.6pp 21st 1% above peers
Sterling Heights, MI 31.2% 6th +1.5pp 22nd 17% below peers
Carrollton, TX 32.3% 11th +1.9pp 23rd 14% below peers
Coral Springs, FL 43.8% 27th +2.8pp 24th 17% above peers
Hampton, VA 40.6% 19th +2.7pp 25th 9% above peers
Torrance, CA 40.6% 20th +2.8pp 26th 9% above peers
Norman, OK 32.6% 12th +2.6pp 27th 13% below peers
Miramar, FL 43.6% 26th +3.4pp 28th 17% above peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 27.5% 2nd +2.6pp 29th 26% below peers
Lewisville, TX 37.4% 16th +3.9pp 30th on par with peers
Midland, TX 34.1% 13th +7.4pp 31st 9% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 47 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
HousingHousing cost-burdened households
Loading tract map…
2 of 47 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (100k-250k) that started mid-pack, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Santa Clara, CA down 5.6pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Carolina zona urbana, PR down 4.0pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 98% of this group · 2019-2024
  • High Point, NC down 3.6pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 97% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey (tables B25070 + B25091) through 2024 ±2.0pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Housing

Households without a vehicle

▼ Lower is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →

No vehicle fell 3.9 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 19.8% to 15.9% - more than the combined survey margin (±1.9pp). 5 of the 30 similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction. It started among the weakest third of similar-size cities, so some rebound is expected; still, the improvement is sustained and worth investigating.

Improving beyond the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 7 of 30 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: no vehicle fell 4.2 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (20.1% to 15.9%).
15.9%
20102024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 31 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 7.5% -0.5pp
United States ref 8.3% -0.3pp
Visalia, CA 3.5% 4th -1.6pp 1st 39% below peers
Victorville, CA 4.7% 11th -2.1pp 2nd 18% below peers
Carolina zona urbana, PR 9.2% 25th -3.8pp 3rd 61% above peers
Waco, TX 6.8% 19th -1.9pp 4th 19% above peers
Dayton, OH 15.9% 29th -3.9pp 5th 177% above peers
Lehigh Acres, FL 3.8% 5th -0.8pp 6th 34% below peers
Elizabeth, NJ 20.6% 30th -3.6pp 7th 258% above peers
Metairie, LA 5.3% 15th -0.9pp 8th 8% below peers
Stamford, CT 9.4% 27th -1.4pp 9th 63% above peers
Warren, MI 7.0% 20th -0.9pp 10th 23% above peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 5.7% 16th -0.7pp 11th on par with peers
New Haven, CT 26.9% 31st -1.4pp 12th 368% above peers
Kent, WA 7.2% 22nd -0.3pp 13th 25% above peers
Hampton, VA 7.6% 23rd -0.3pp 14th 32% above peers
Pasadena, CA 9.3% 26th -0.3pp 15th 63% above peers
Meridian, ID 2.4% 1st -0.0pp 16th 58% below peers
Columbia, SC 11.5% 28th -0.0pp 17th 100% above peers
Orange, CA 3.8% 6th +0.0pp 18th 33% below peers
Torrance, CA 4.9% 12th +0.0pp 19th 15% below peers
Fullerton, CA 5.3% 14th +0.1pp 20th 8% below peers
Norman, OK 5.8% 17th +0.2pp 21st 2% above peers
Palm Bay, FL 4.7% 9th +0.2pp 22nd 19% below peers
West Valley City, UT 4.7% 10th +0.3pp 23rd 18% below peers
Coral Springs, FL 4.5% 7th +0.5pp 24th 22% below peers
Santa Clara, CA 5.8% 18th +0.7pp 25th 2% above peers
Lewisville, TX 4.6% 8th +0.5pp 26th 20% below peers
Midland, TX 5.0% 13th +0.7pp 27th 13% below peers
Miramar, FL 3.5% 2nd +0.5pp 28th 40% below peers
Fargo, ND 8.3% 24th +1.3pp 29th 44% above peers
Sterling Heights, MI 7.1% 21st +2.2pp 30th 24% above peers
Carrollton, TX 3.5% 3rd +1.1pp 31st 40% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 47 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
HousingHouseholds without a vehicle
Loading tract map…
2 of 47 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (100k-250k) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Athens, GA down 3.3pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • San Bernardino, CA down 2.8pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 98% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Carolina zona urbana, PR down 3.8pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 98% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B08201) through 2024 ±1.5pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
See all Housing data →
Health
Health

People without health insurance

▼ Lower is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Uninsured fell 1.1 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 9.1% to 8.0% - more than the combined survey margin (±0.9pp). 11 of the 30 similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction. It started mid-pack and has reached a genuinely better level; worth investigating.

Improving beyond the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 12 of 30 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: uninsured fell 7.6 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (15.6% to 8.0%).
8.0%
20122024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 31 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 6.3% +0.3pp
United States ref 8.2% -0.4pp
Miramar, FL 10.3% 22nd -3.1pp 1st 35% above peers
Pasadena, CA 5.6% 4th -1.7pp 2nd 26% below peers
Carolina zona urbana, PR 6.7% 12th -2.0pp 3rd 12% below peers
Orange, CA 5.8% 6th -1.7pp 4th 23% below peers
New Haven, CT 7.3% 15th -1.5pp 5th 4% below peers
Metairie, LA 9.8% 21st -1.9pp 6th 29% above peers
Meridian, ID 6.8% 13th -1.2pp 7th 10% below peers
Sterling Heights, MI 5.7% 5th -1.0pp 8th 25% below peers
Stamford, CT 9.2% 19th -1.6pp 9th 22% above peers
Hampton, VA 6.6% 10th -1.1pp 10th 13% below peers
Midland, TX 14.2% 25th -2.3pp 11th 87% above peers
Coral Springs, FL 10.8% 23rd -1.6pp 12th 42% above peers
Dayton, OH 8.0% 17th -1.1pp 13th 5% above peers
Torrance, CA 4.2% 2nd -0.5pp 14th 45% below peers
Columbia, SC 6.9% 14th -0.6pp 15th 9% below peers
Santa Clara, CA 2.9% 1st -0.3pp 16th 62% below peers
Fargo, ND 5.9% 7th -0.5pp 17th 22% below peers
Lewisville, TX 15.3% 27th -1.2pp 18th 101% above peers
Warren, MI 6.0% 9th -0.4pp 19th 21% below peers
West Valley City, UT 17.6% 29th -0.7pp 20th 132% above peers
Lehigh Acres, FL 18.9% 30th -0.3pp 21st 148% above peers
Waco, TX 14.9% 26th -0.2pp 22nd 97% above peers
Norman, OK 9.5% 20th -0.1pp 23rd 25% above peers
Carrollton, TX 15.6% 28th +0.1pp 24th 105% above peers
Fullerton, CA 6.7% 11th +0.2pp 25th 12% below peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 4.7% 3rd +0.2pp 26th 38% below peers
Palm Bay, FL 12.7% 24th +0.7pp 27th 67% above peers
Kent, WA 8.8% 18th +0.5pp 28th 15% above peers
Victorville, CA 7.6% 16th +0.4pp 29th on par with peers
Visalia, CA 6.0% 8th +0.5pp 30th 21% below peers
Elizabeth, NJ 24.0% 31st +3.5pp 31st 216% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 47 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
HealthPeople without health insurance
Loading tract map…
2 of 47 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸ Break down by group Race · Age · Sex · ACS 2024
Loading breakdown…
How breakdowns work →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (100k-250k) that started mid-pack, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Downey, CA down 3.2pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 99% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Charleston, SC down 2.1pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 98% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Richmond, CA down 2.6pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 97% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±0.7pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Health

Adult obesity

▼ Lower is better Level only
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Adult obesity is about 50% above the peer median.

47.7%
20202022
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities best first
Place Latest Today's rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 39.5%
United States ref 33.4%
Torrance, CA 20.0% 1st 43% below peers
Santa Clara, CA 20.5% 2nd 41% below peers
Pasadena, CA 24.4% 3rd 30% below peers
Fullerton, CA 25.5% 4th 27% below peers
Stamford, CT 26.0% 5th 26% below peers
Kent, WA 26.2% 6th 25% below peers
Orange, CA 27.0% 7th 23% below peers
Meridian, ID 28.4% 8th 19% below peers
Coral Springs, FL 29.8% 9th 15% below peers
Carrollton, TX 29.9% 10th 14% below peers
Miramar, FL 31.8% 11th 9% below peers
Lewisville, TX 32.9% 12th 6% below peers
Elizabeth, NJ 33.3% 13th 5% below peers
Fargo, ND 34.3% 14th 2% below peers
Visalia, CA 34.7% 15th 1% below peers
Sterling Heights, MI 34.9% 16th on par with peers
Columbia, SC 35.0% 17th on par with peers
Lehigh Acres, FL 35.5% 18th 2% above peers
Palm Bay, FL 35.5% 19th 2% above peers
West Valley City, UT 36.0% 20th 3% above peers
Metairie, LA 36.5% 21st 5% above peers
Norman, OK 37.1% 22nd 6% above peers
New Haven, CT 37.2% 23rd 7% above peers
Warren, MI 37.7% 24th 8% above peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 38.9% 25th 11% above peers
Midland, TX 39.1% 26th 12% above peers
Victorville, CA 39.2% 27th 12% above peers
Waco, TX 41.3% 28th 18% above peers
Hampton, VA 43.0% 29th 23% above peers
Dayton, OH 47.7% 30th 37% above peers
CDC PLACES through 2022 modeled tract map about this metric
Health

Children without health insurance

▼ Lower is better No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Child uninsured changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (6.3% then, 5.8% now; margin ±1.7pp).

Within the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 8 of 30 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: child uninsured rose 1.4 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (4.3% to 5.8%).
5.8%
20122024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 31 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 4.9% +0.5pp
United States ref 5.5% +0.4pp
Carolina zona urbana, PR 2.4% 4th -2.3pp 1st 47% below peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 1.6% 2nd -1.1pp 2nd 64% below peers
Torrance, CA 2.1% 3rd -1.0pp 3rd 53% below peers
Visalia, CA 1.4% 1st -0.4pp 4th 69% below peers
Midland, TX 11.6% 27th -3.0pp 5th 163% above peers
Warren, MI 2.7% 6th -0.4pp 6th 39% below peers
Dayton, OH 5.8% 19th -0.6pp 7th 30% above peers
Sterling Heights, MI 3.0% 9th -0.3pp 8th 33% below peers
Meridian, ID 5.2% 17th -0.4pp 9th 18% above peers
West Valley City, UT 14.0% 29th -0.6pp 10th 216% above peers
Coral Springs, FL 7.8% 23rd -0.2pp 11th 75% above peers
Miramar, FL 6.8% 22nd -0.1pp 12th 54% above peers
Orange, CA 2.8% 8th -0.0pp 13th 37% below peers
Lehigh Acres, FL 8.4% 24th -0.0pp 14th 90% above peers
Hampton, VA 3.4% 11th +0.1pp 15th 23% below peers
Stamford, CT 4.0% 14th +0.1pp 16th 10% below peers
Fargo, ND 4.4% 16th +0.3pp 17th on par with peers
Waco, TX 8.7% 25th +0.8pp 18th 98% above peers
Pasadena, CA 2.7% 7th +0.3pp 19th 38% below peers
Metairie, LA 6.7% 21st +1.0pp 20th 52% above peers
Victorville, CA 4.0% 13th +0.7pp 21st 11% below peers
Columbia, SC 3.3% 10th +0.6pp 22nd 26% below peers
Santa Clara, CA 2.4% 5th +0.5pp 23rd 46% below peers
Kent, WA 3.4% 12th +0.7pp 24th 23% below peers
Palm Bay, FL 8.9% 26th +2.4pp 25th 102% above peers
Carrollton, TX 15.3% 31st +4.3pp 26th 245% above peers
Lewisville, TX 14.1% 30th +4.4pp 27th 219% above peers
New Haven, CT 4.2% 15th +1.4pp 28th 6% below peers
Norman, OK 6.0% 20th +2.4pp 29th 36% above peers
Fullerton, CA 5.4% 18th +2.3pp 30th 23% above peers
Elizabeth, NJ 13.0% 28th +5.5pp 31st 193% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 47 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
HealthChildren without health insurance
Loading tract map…
2 of 47 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (100k-250k) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Costa Mesa, CA down 4.3pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Downey, CA down 3.9pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Riverview, FL down 3.1pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 98% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B27001) through 2024 ±1.3pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
See all Health data →
Education
Education

Adults with a bachelor's degree or higher

▲ Higher is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →

College attainment rose 3.2 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 18.4% to 21.6% - more than the combined survey margin (±1.6pp). 18 of the 29 similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction. It started among the weakest third of similar-size cities, so some rebound is expected; still, the improvement is sustained and worth investigating.

Improving beyond the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 18 of 29 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: college attainment rose 4.9 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (16.7% to 21.6%).
21.6%
20102024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 30 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 31.5% +3.2pp
United States ref 35.7% +3.5pp
Miramar, FL 37.4% 16th +10.1pp 1st 4% below peers
Palm Bay, FL 24.0% 24th +4.7pp 2nd 38% below peers
Lewisville, TX 40.7% 12th +6.6pp 3rd 5% above peers
Meridian, ID 44.1% 8th +6.9pp 4th 14% above peers
Dayton, OH 21.6% 25th +3.2pp 5th 44% below peers
Midland, TX 33.7% 17th +4.8pp 6th 13% below peers
Kent, WA 29.8% 20th +4.1pp 7th 23% below peers
Waco, TX 28.7% 21st +3.8pp 8th 26% below peers
Carrollton, TX 45.2% 7th +6.0pp 9th 16% above peers
Warren, MI 21.0% 26th +2.5pp 10th 46% below peers
Metairie, LA 41.2% 11th +4.2pp 11th 6% above peers
New Haven, CT 38.9% 15th +4.0pp 12th on par with peers
Santa Clara, CA 65.9% 1st +6.1pp 13th 70% above peers
Sterling Heights, MI 31.1% 19th +2.7pp 14th 20% below peers
Elizabeth, NJ 14.6% 28th +1.1pp 15th 63% below peers
Fargo, ND 43.0% 10th +3.0pp 16th 11% above peers
Pasadena, CA 56.1% 2nd +3.8pp 17th 44% above peers
Norman, OK 45.9% 5th +2.9pp 18th 18% above peers
Torrance, CA 54.0% 3rd +3.3pp 19th 39% above peers
Hampton, VA 28.5% 22nd +1.6pp 20th 27% below peers
West Valley City, UT 16.1% 27th +0.9pp 21st 59% below peers
Orange, CA 39.7% 14th +2.0pp 22nd 2% above peers
Columbia, SC 45.9% 6th +2.1pp 23rd 18% above peers
Visalia, CA 24.1% 23rd +0.9pp 24th 38% below peers
Coral Springs, FL 39.9% 13th +1.4pp 25th 3% above peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 33.1% 18th +1.1pp 26th 15% below peers
Stamford, CT 51.7% 4th +1.6pp 27th 33% above peers
Fullerton, CA 43.5% 9th +1.0pp 28th 12% above peers
Victorville, CA 12.8% 30th -0.2pp 29th 67% below peers
Lehigh Acres, FL 14.3% 29th -0.3pp 30th 63% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 47 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EducationAdults with a bachelor's degree or higher
Loading tract map…
2 of 47 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸ Break down by group Sex · ACS 2024
Loading breakdown…
How breakdowns work →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (100k-250k) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Hialeah, FL up 6.4pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Ontario, CA up 5.4pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 99% of this group · 2019-2024
  • East Los Angeles, CA up 2.7pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 99% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±1.3pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Education

Children ages 3-4 enrolled in preschool

▲ Higher is better No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Preschool enrollment changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (36.9% then, 40.3% now; margin ±9.7pp).

Within the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 9 of 30 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: preschool enrollment fell 2.9 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (43.2% to 40.3%).
40.3%
20112024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 31 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 41.2% -4.2pp
United States ref 45.5%
Norman, OK 45.3% 19th +14.2pp 1st 2% below peers
Meridian, ID 46.2% 17th +9.5pp 2nd on par with peers
Carrollton, TX 59.8% 8th +11.1pp 3rd 29% above peers
Midland, TX 41.0% 23rd +5.4pp 4th 12% below peers
West Valley City, UT 42.7% 21st +4.9pp 5th 8% below peers
Waco, TX 51.2% 13th +5.8pp 6th 10% above peers
Santa Clara, CA 63.3% 5th +6.0pp 7th 37% above peers
Dayton, OH 40.3% 24th +3.4pp 8th 13% below peers
Visalia, CA 33.4% 26th +1.7pp 9th 28% below peers
Carolina zona urbana, PR 71.0% 1st +3.4pp 10th 53% above peers
Orange, CA 67.5% 2nd +3.2pp 11th 46% above peers
Miramar, FL 59.9% 7th +1.6pp 12th 29% above peers
Warren, MI 30.9% 27th +0.3pp 13th 33% below peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 47.9% 15th +0.4pp 14th 3% above peers
Kent, WA 29.2% 28th +0.0pp 15th 37% below peers
Columbia, SC 50.1% 14th -1.3pp 16th 8% above peers
Lehigh Acres, FL 37.1% 25th -1.8pp 17th 20% below peers
Hampton, VA 45.2% 20th -3.3pp 18th 3% below peers
Metairie, LA 55.1% 9th -4.1pp 19th 19% above peers
Sterling Heights, MI 45.3% 18th -3.5pp 20th 2% below peers
Elizabeth, NJ 61.2% 6th -5.5pp 21st 32% above peers
Pasadena, CA 63.9% 4th -7.9pp 22nd 38% above peers
Torrance, CA 65.9% 3rd -9.7pp 23rd 42% above peers
Lewisville, TX 46.4% 16th -7.1pp 24th on par with peers
New Haven, CT 51.9% 12th -13.8pp 25th 12% above peers
Fullerton, CA 41.8% 22nd -13.1pp 26th 10% below peers
Coral Springs, FL 54.1% 10th -17.7pp 27th 17% above peers
Stamford, CT 53.1% 11th -24.8pp 28th 15% above peers
Fargo, ND 22.3% 30th -12.6pp 29th 52% below peers
Palm Bay, FL 27.9% 29th -19.0pp 30th 40% below peers
Victorville, CA 17.7% 31st -12.9pp 31st 62% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 47 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EducationChildren ages 3-4 enrolled in preschool
Loading tract map…
9 of 47 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 7 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (100k-250k) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Nampa, ID up 14.9pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Edinburg, TX up 13.3pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Norman, OK up 14.2pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 99% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±7.3pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Education

Teens not in school and not working

▼ Lower is better No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Disconnected youth changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (6.0% then, 5.7% now; margin ±2.7pp).

Within the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 6 of 30 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: disconnected youth fell 0.7 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (6.4% to 5.7%).
5.7%
20102024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 31 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 6.4% +0.7pp
United States ref 6.9% +0.3pp
Lewisville, TX 1.3% 1st -4.7pp 1st 78% below peers
Torrance, CA 2.0% 3rd -3.1pp 2nd 65% below peers
Midland, TX 5.5% 14th -3.2pp 3rd 4% below peers
Victorville, CA 11.6% 29th -6.5pp 4th 103% above peers
Carrollton, TX 3.1% 4th -1.6pp 5th 46% below peers
Carolina zona urbana, PR 7.0% 21st -3.1pp 6th 22% above peers
Orange, CA 3.9% 8th -1.1pp 7th 32% below peers
Elizabeth, NJ 12.3% 30th -2.4pp 8th 115% above peers
Meridian, ID 4.0% 9th -0.7pp 9th 29% below peers
Fargo, ND 1.7% 2nd -0.2pp 10th 71% below peers
Visalia, CA 6.7% 20th -0.9pp 11th 17% above peers
Sterling Heights, MI 4.6% 12th -0.5pp 12th 19% below peers
Dayton, OH 5.7% 16th -0.3pp 13th on par with peers
Miramar, FL 5.9% 17th +0.2pp 14th 4% above peers
New Haven, CT 5.7% 15th +0.4pp 15th 1% below peers
Coral Springs, FL 6.6% 19th +0.6pp 16th 15% above peers
Warren, MI 9.5% 24th +1.2pp 17th 67% above peers
Pasadena, CA 4.6% 11th +0.6pp 18th 20% below peers
Fullerton, CA 3.8% 6th +0.5pp 19th 33% below peers
Lehigh Acres, FL 10.1% 25th +1.6pp 20th 77% above peers
Santa Clara, CA 3.7% 5th +0.6pp 21st 35% below peers
Palm Bay, FL 10.7% 27th +2.4pp 22nd 88% above peers
Norman, OK 4.5% 10th +1.2pp 23rd 21% below peers
Columbia, SC 3.8% 7th +1.2pp 24th 33% below peers
Waco, TX 6.6% 18th +2.1pp 25th 15% above peers
West Valley City, UT 12.6% 31st +5.4pp 26th 122% above peers
Metairie, LA 8.4% 22nd +3.6pp 27th 47% above peers
Kent, WA 11.5% 28th +5.1pp 28th 102% above peers
Hampton, VA 9.5% 23rd +4.8pp 29th 67% above peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 5.4% 13th +2.9pp 30th 6% below peers
Stamford, CT 10.6% 26th +6.1pp 31st 86% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 47 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EducationTeens not in school and not working
Loading tract map…
3 of 47 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (100k-250k) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Goodyear, AZ down 7.7pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 98% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Arlington, VA down 5.9pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 97% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Manchester, NH down 5.2pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 96% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B14005) through 2024 ±2.1pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
See all Education data →
Demographics
Demographics

Population

No better direction Falling
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Population fell about 3% between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 140,569 to 136,579 - more than the combined survey margin (±78). 6 of the 30 similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction.

Falling beyond the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 28 of 30 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: population fell about 4% from 2014 to 2024 (141,776 to 136,579).
136,579
20102024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 31 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Meridian, ID 130,138 29th +28% 1st 5% below peers
Lewisville, TX 131,080 27th +23% 2nd 4% below peers
Palm Bay, FL 130,132 30th +16% 3rd 5% below peers
Victorville, CA 137,627 12th +13% 4th on par with peers
Visalia, CA 143,939 1st +9% 5th 5% above peers
Fargo, ND 131,627 26th +8% 6th 4% below peers
Lehigh Acres, FL 132,353 25th +7% 7th 3% below peers
Elizabeth, NJ 137,302 14th +7% 8th on par with peers
Stamford, CT 137,144 16th +6% 9th on par with peers
Waco, TX 143,570 2nd +6% 10th 5% above peers
Norman, OK 129,672 31st +6% 11th 5% below peers
Columbia, SC 139,643 6th +5% 12th 2% above peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 137,264 15th +4% 13th on par with peers
Kent, WA 135,603 21st +3% 14th 1% below peers
New Haven, CT 134,349 22nd +3% 15th 2% below peers
Coral Springs, FL 136,103 20th +3% 16th 1% below peers
Warren, MI 137,928 11th +2% 17th 1% above peers
Santa Clara, CA 130,256 28th +2% 18th 5% below peers
Hampton, VA 137,557 13th +2% 19th on par with peers
West Valley City, UT 138,437 9th +2% 20th 1% above peers
Carolina zona urbana, PR 138,633 7th +1% 21st 1% above peers
Fullerton, CA 140,968 4th +1% 22nd 3% above peers
Sterling Heights, MI 133,573 24th +1% 23rd 3% below peers
Miramar, FL 138,600 8th -1% 24th 1% above peers
Orange, CA 138,266 10th -1% 25th 1% above peers
Midland, TX 136,640 18th -1% 26th on par with peers
Carrollton, TX 133,740 23rd -2% 27th 2% below peers
Metairie, LA 139,729 5th -2% 28th 2% above peers
Torrance, CA 142,130 3rd -2% 29th 4% above peers
Dayton, OH 136,579 19th -3% 30th on par with peers
Pasadena, CA 136,969 17th -3% 31st on par with peers
▸ Where is this changing? 47 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: blue tracts rose, orange tracts fell. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
DemographicsPopulation
Loading tract map…
2 of 47 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±56 at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Demographics

Children's share of the population

No better direction No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Children changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (21.9% then, 21.3% now; margin ±1.2pp).

Within the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 15 of 30 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: children fell 0.6 percentage points from 2017 to 2024 (21.9% to 21.4%).
21.3%
20172024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 31 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 21.9% -0.3pp
United States ref 21.6% -0.7pp
Metairie, LA 20.8% 19th +1.6pp 1st 3% below peers
Midland, TX 29.8% 2nd +2.2pp 2nd 38% above peers
Columbia, SC 17.0% 29th +0.9pp 3rd 21% below peers
Warren, MI 21.9% 15th +0.6pp 4th 2% above peers
Hampton, VA 21.5% 16th +0.4pp 5th on par with peers
Fullerton, CA 22.1% 14th +0.3pp 6th 3% above peers
Torrance, CA 20.8% 21st +0.2pp 7th 3% below peers
Lehigh Acres, FL 27.4% 5th +0.1pp 8th 27% above peers
Fargo, ND 20.0% 23rd -0.1pp 9th 7% below peers
Palm Bay, FL 22.1% 13th -0.3pp 10th 3% above peers
Kent, WA 23.7% 9th -0.5pp 11th 10% above peers
Coral Springs, FL 25.8% 6th -0.6pp 12th 20% above peers
Dayton, OH 21.4% 17th -0.5pp 13th 1% below peers
West Valley City, UT 30.0% 1st -0.8pp 14th 39% above peers
Miramar, FL 22.2% 12th -0.9pp 15th 3% above peers
Waco, TX 22.8% 11th -1.0pp 16th 6% above peers
Sterling Heights, MI 19.4% 25th -0.8pp 17th 10% below peers
Orange, CA 20.4% 22nd -1.0pp 18th 5% below peers
Elizabeth, NJ 25.6% 7th -1.2pp 19th 19% above peers
Visalia, CA 27.9% 4th -1.6pp 20th 29% above peers
New Haven, CT 21.3% 18th -1.2pp 21st 1% below peers
Lewisville, TX 23.1% 10th -1.4pp 22nd 7% above peers
Victorville, CA 29.6% 3rd -2.1pp 23rd 38% above peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 20.8% 20th -1.8pp 24th 3% below peers
Pasadena, CA 16.7% 30th -1.5pp 25th 22% below peers
Stamford, CT 18.4% 26th -2.1pp 26th 15% below peers
Meridian, ID 25.0% 8th -3.0pp 27th 16% above peers
Norman, OK 17.0% 27th -2.1pp 28th 21% below peers
Carrollton, TX 19.6% 24th -3.0pp 29th 9% below peers
Santa Clara, CA 17.0% 28th -2.8pp 30th 21% below peers
Carolina zona urbana, PR 15.4% 31st -3.1pp 31st 29% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 47 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: blue tracts rose, orange tracts fell. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
DemographicsChildren's share of the population
Loading tract map…
2 of 47 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±1.0pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Demographics

Children in single-parent families

No better direction No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Single-parent changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (61.1% then, 62.8% now; margin ±6.2pp).

Within the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 4 of 30 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: single-parent rose 1.9 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (60.9% to 62.8%).
62.8%
20102024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 31 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 32.6% -1.0pp
United States ref 29.9% -0.2pp
Pasadena, CA 33.0% 15th +8.1pp 1st 1% above peers
Carrollton, TX 24.9% 25th +2.6pp 2nd 24% below peers
Orange, CA 24.1% 26th +2.4pp 3rd 26% below peers
Stamford, CT 32.8% 16th +3.1pp 4th on par with peers
Fullerton, CA 26.1% 24th +1.3pp 5th 20% below peers
West Valley City, UT 27.8% 23rd +1.2pp 6th 15% below peers
Visalia, CA 34.3% 14th +1.5pp 7th 5% above peers
Miramar, FL 37.7% 8th +1.3pp 8th 15% above peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 36.0% 11th +1.0pp 9th 10% above peers
Dayton, OH 62.8% 2nd +1.8pp 10th 92% above peers
Elizabeth, NJ 50.0% 4th +1.3pp 11th 53% above peers
New Haven, CT 57.4% 3rd +1.3pp 12th 75% above peers
Norman, OK 28.3% 21st +0.2pp 13th 14% below peers
Carolina zona urbana, PR 64.0% 1st +0.1pp 14th 96% above peers
Columbia, SC 46.6% 5th -0.6pp 15th 42% above peers
Fargo, ND 31.7% 18th -0.4pp 16th 3% below peers
Metairie, LA 32.5% 17th -0.5pp 17th 1% below peers
Sterling Heights, MI 17.1% 28th -0.4pp 18th 48% below peers
Palm Bay, FL 37.0% 9th -1.8pp 19th 13% above peers
Kent, WA 28.7% 20th -1.4pp 20th 12% below peers
Waco, TX 39.1% 7th -3.3pp 21st 19% above peers
Warren, MI 34.4% 13th -3.0pp 22nd 5% above peers
Torrance, CA 14.7% 29th -1.7pp 23rd 55% below peers
Lewisville, TX 30.3% 19th -3.5pp 24th 7% below peers
Meridian, ID 14.6% 30th -1.9pp 25th 56% below peers
Hampton, VA 39.9% 6th -6.1pp 26th 22% above peers
Victorville, CA 36.0% 12th -6.1pp 27th 10% above peers
Coral Springs, FL 28.0% 22nd -5.3pp 28th 15% below peers
Midland, TX 21.7% 27th -5.0pp 29th 34% below peers
Santa Clara, CA 14.1% 31st -3.4pp 30th 57% below peers
Lehigh Acres, FL 36.8% 10th -9.5pp 31st 12% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 47 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: blue tracts rose, orange tracts fell. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
DemographicsChildren in single-parent families
Loading tract map…
2 of 47 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B09002) through 2024 ±5.0pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Demographics

Young children with all parents in the labor force

No better direction No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Working parents changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (70.5% then, 68.1% now; margin ±7.9pp).

Within the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 2 of 30 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: working parents rose 1.4 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (66.7% to 68.1%).
68.1%
20102024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 31 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Ohio ref 69.7% -0.2pp
United States ref 68.1% +1.9pp
Carrollton, TX 74.5% 4th +9.0pp 1st 8% above peers
Visalia, CA 66.5% 19th +7.6pp 2nd 4% below peers
Stamford, CT 72.2% 8th +7.2pp 3rd 4% above peers
Warren, MI 69.8% 15th +6.8pp 4th 1% above peers
Fullerton, CA 65.6% 20th +5.6pp 5th 5% below peers
Lewisville, TX 71.3% 12th +6.0pp 6th 3% above peers
Santa Clara, CA 60.7% 27th +5.0pp 7th 12% below peers
Orange, CA 73.7% 6th +5.8pp 8th 7% above peers
Victorville, CA 61.3% 26th +4.6pp 9th 11% below peers
Cedar Rapids, IA 78.0% 2nd +4.7pp 10th 13% above peers
Palm Bay, FL 74.0% 5th +3.7pp 11th 7% above peers
Kent, WA 63.6% 23rd +3.1pp 12th 8% below peers
Pasadena, CA 69.2% 16th +3.1pp 13th on par with peers
New Haven, CT 72.8% 7th +2.9pp 14th 5% above peers
Torrance, CA 63.0% 24th +2.4pp 15th 9% below peers
Miramar, FL 82.1% 1st +2.8pp 16th 19% above peers
Hampton, VA 70.2% 14th +1.3pp 17th 2% above peers
Sterling Heights, MI 56.1% 31st +1.0pp 18th 19% below peers
Elizabeth, NJ 67.4% 18th +0.2pp 19th 2% below peers
West Valley City, UT 65.0% 21st -0.2pp 20th 6% below peers
Meridian, ID 59.4% 28th -0.4pp 21st 14% below peers
Metairie, LA 71.8% 11th -0.8pp 22nd 4% above peers
Waco, TX 64.7% 22nd -1.6pp 23rd 6% below peers
Midland, TX 56.6% 30th -1.7pp 24th 18% below peers
Columbia, SC 72.0% 9th -2.2pp 25th 4% above peers
Coral Springs, FL 71.9% 10th -2.5pp 26th 4% above peers
Dayton, OH 68.1% 17th -2.5pp 27th 2% below peers
Lehigh Acres, FL 58.8% 29th -5.5pp 28th 15% below peers
Fargo, ND 74.8% 3rd -7.0pp 29th 8% above peers
Norman, OK 61.6% 25th -7.3pp 30th 11% below peers
Carolina zona urbana, PR 70.2% 13th -8.9pp 31st 2% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 47 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: blue tracts rose, orange tracts fell. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
DemographicsYoung children with all parents in the labor force
Loading tract map…
3 of 47 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 2 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B23008) through 2024 ±5.9pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
See all Demographics data →