DataWorks Commons
Phoenix, AZ
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Phoenix, AZ

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1,642,323 people (2024) 1m+ West

Bright spots 12 indicators

Where Phoenix, AZ shows a real improvement in recent years, or stands clearly ahead of its peers. How this is calculated →
Household income
Median household income
$81,332
2020-24
▲ 42%
relative change
$57,459 in 2019
Real improvement Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Child poverty
Share of children below the poverty level
19.3%
2020-24
▼ 28%
relative change
26.6% in 2019
Real improvement Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Poverty
Share of people below the poverty level
13.5%
2020-24
▼ 24%
relative change
17.8% in 2019
Real improvement Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
SNAP
Households receiving SNAP
11.3%
2019-23
▼ 20%
relative change
14.2% in 2018
Real improvement Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
College attainment
Adults with a bachelor's degree or higher
33.6%
2020-24
▲ 17%
relative change
28.6% in 2019
Real improvement Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
No vehicle
Households without a vehicle
6.6%
2020-24
▼ 15%
relative change
7.8% in 2019
Real improvement Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Broadband
Households with a broadband internet subscription
91.5%
2020-24
▲ 10%
relative change
82.9% in 2019
Real improvement Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Unemployment
Unemployment rate
4.0%
May 2026
▲ 8%
relative change
3.7% a year earlier
Holding up better than peers Leading peers
Learn more ↓
Property crime
Property crime rate
2,005 /100k
May 2026
▼ 7%
relative change
2,164 a year earlier
Real, sustained progress Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Homeownership
Homeownership rate
57.3%
2020-24
▲ 5%
relative change
54.4% in 2019
Improving (small) Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Inequality
Income inequality (Gini index)
0.47
2020-24
▼ 1%
relative change
0.47 in 2019
No measurable change Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Homicide
Homicide rate
7 /100k
May 2026
▼ 10%
relative change
8 a year earlier
Real, sustained progress Trailing peers
Learn more ↓

What needs attention 5 indicators

Where Phoenix, AZ shows a real worsening in recent years, or trails its peers clearly. How this is calculated →
Preschool enrollment
Children ages 3-4 enrolled in preschool
31.4%
2020-24
▼ 8%
relative change
34.1% in 2019
Worsening Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Uninsured
People without health insurance
14.2%
2020-24
▲ 2%
relative change
14.0% in 2019
No measurable change Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Child uninsured
Children without health insurance
10.1%
2020-24
▲ 6%
relative change
9.5% in 2019
No measurable change Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Disconnected youth
Teens not in school and not working
8.6%
2020-24
▼ 5%
relative change
9.0% in 2019
No measurable change Trailing peers
Learn more ↓
Cost burden
Housing cost-burdened households
34.1%
2020-24
flat
relative change
34.3% in 2019
Turning up (early signal) Leading peers
Learn more ↓

Big shifts 4 indicators

Real moves and big gaps, where neither direction is simply good or bad. Biggest relative change first; big-gap cards come last. How this is calculated →
Children
Children's share of the population
23.6%
2020-24
▼ 10%
relative change
26.1% in 2019
Falling Among the highest of peers
Learn more ↓
Working parents
Young children with all parents in the labor force
67.4%
2020-24
▲ 6%
relative change
63.7% in 2019
Rising  
Learn more ↓
Population
1,642,323
2020-24
▲ <1%
relative change
1,633,017 in 2019
Rising Among the lowest of peers
Learn more ↓
Rent
Typical asking rent
$1,569
Jun 2026
flat
relative change
$1,574 a year earlier
Falling Among the lowest of peers
Learn more ↓

All indicators

Public Safety
Public Safety

Violent crime rate

▼ Lower is better Improving recently
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Violent crime fell about 9% over the 12 months ending May 2026, slower than 60% of similar-size cities.

Multi-year view: violent crime fell about 2% a year from 2021 to 2026, slower than 70% of similar-size cities. The change does not yet pass the noise and consistency checks, so treat it as a raw signal.
Longer view: violent crime fell less than 1%% a year from 2018 to 2026.
Most recent monthly reading: 694 in May 2026, down from 762 a year earlier.
694 per 100k
2018May 2026
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Each place's latest 12 months compares against its prior 12. significant improvement · significant worsening · within chance fluctuation for counts this size (Poisson test at 90%; these are administrative tallies, so the test covers event randomness, not survey error).
Place Latestper 100k Today's rank Changelast 12 months Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
U.S. (RTCI sample) ref 456 (Apr 26) -9.3%
Houston, TX 812 (May 26) 11th -22.9% 1st 56% above peers
San Jose, CA 457 (May 26) 5th -20.5% 2nd 13% below peers
Fort Worth, TX 342 (May 26) 2nd -20.3% 3rd 35% below peers
Chicago, IL 771 (May 26) 9th -16.7% 4th 48% above peers
Dallas, TX 565 (May 26) 7th -14.9% 5th 8% above peers
Austin, TX 406 (May 26) 4th -9.9% 6th 22% below peers
Phoenix, AZ 694 (May 26) 8th -9.0% 7th 33% above peers
San Antonio, TX 522 (May 26) 6th -7.6% 8th on par with peers
Philadelphia, PA 805 (May 26) 10th -6.7% 9th 54% above peers
San Diego, CA 405 (May 26) 3rd -2.9% 10th 22% below peers
Jacksonville, FL 7 (May 26) 1st +14.2% 11th 99% below peers
Real-Time Crime Index through 2026-04 administrative trend: robust fit about this metric
Public Safety

Property crime rate

▼ Lower is better Verified improver, trailing peers
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Property crime fell about 7% over the 12 months ending May 2026, slower than 78% of similar-size cities.

Multi-year view: property crime fell about 7% a year from 2021 to 2026, faster than 100% of similar-size cities. It started mid-pack and has reached a genuinely better level; worth investigating.
Longer view: property crime fell about 6% a year from 2018 to 2026.
Most recent monthly reading: 2,005 in May 2026, down from 2,164 a year earlier.
2,005 per 100k
2018May 2026
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 10 similar-size cities by change rank
Each place's latest 12 months compares against its prior 12. significant improvement · significant worsening · within chance fluctuation for counts this size (Poisson test at 90%; these are administrative tallies, so the test covers event randomness, not survey error).
Place Latestper 100k Today's rank Changelast 12 months Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
U.S. (RTCI sample) ref 1,987 (Apr 26) -12.2%
Fort Worth, TX 2,047 (May 26) 3rd -20.2% 1st 30% below peers
Houston, TX 3,524 (May 26) 8th -14.0% 2nd 21% above peers
Chicago, IL 2,621 (May 26) 5th -12.4% 3rd 10% below peers
Austin, TX 2,921 (May 26) 6th -11.4% 4th on par with peers
Dallas, TX 3,024 (May 26) 7th -9.7% 5th 4% above peers
San Antonio, TX 3,797 (May 26) 9th -9.6% 6th 30% above peers
San Jose, CA 2,300 (May 26) 4th -8.9% 7th 21% below peers
Phoenix, AZ 2,005 (May 26) 2nd -7.4% 8th 31% below peers
San Diego, CA 1,540 (May 26) 1st -5.4% 9th 47% below peers
Philadelphia, PA 4,207 (May 26) 10th -4.3% 10th 44% above peers
Real-Time Crime Index through 2026-04 administrative trend: robust fit about this metric
Public Safety

Homicide rate

▼ Lower is better Verified improver
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Homicide fell about 10% over the 12 months ending May 2026, slower than 60% of similar-size cities.

Multi-year view: homicide fell about 12% a year from 2021 to 2026, faster than 90% of similar-size cities. It started mid-pack and has reached a genuinely better level; worth investigating.
Longer view: homicide fell about 1% a year from 2018 to 2026.
Most recent monthly reading: 7 in May 2026, down from 8 a year earlier.
7 per 100k
2018May 2026
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Each place's latest 12 months compares against its prior 12. significant improvement · significant worsening · within chance fluctuation for counts this size (Poisson test at 90%; these are administrative tallies, so the test covers event randomness, not survey error).
Place Latestper 100k Today's rank Changelast 12 months Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
U.S. (RTCI sample) ref 6 (Apr 26) -17.8%
Houston, TX 9 (May 26) 8th -33.5% 1st 27% above peers
Philadelphia, PA 12 (May 26) 10th -26.6% 2nd 61% above peers
Fort Worth, TX 6 (May 26) 4th -23.2% 3rd 13% below peers
Austin, TX 5 (May 26) 3rd -18.5% 4th 29% below peers
Chicago, IL 16 (May 26) 11th -17.0% 5th 126% above peers
Dallas, TX 10 (May 26) 9th -16.8% 6th 41% above peers
Phoenix, AZ 7 (May 26) 5th -9.7% 7th 1% below peers
San Diego, CA 2 (May 26) 1st -9.0% 8th 71% below peers
San Antonio, TX 7 (May 26) 6th +6.6% 9th on par with peers
San Jose, CA 2 (May 26) 2nd +9.5% 10th 68% below peers
Jacksonville, FL 7 (May 26) 7th +14.2% 11th on par with peers
▸

Peers worth a call

2
Cities of similar size (1m+) that started mid-pack, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Because this metric moves monthly, each listed city also held or improved over its own most recent 12 months (shown on each row), and the list is ordered by that recent movement. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Houston, TX down about 34% over the 12 months ending May 2026 · sustained: down about 11% a year · 2021-2026
  • Los Angeles, CA down about 9% over the 12 months ending May 2026 · sustained: down about 10% a year · 2021-2026
Real-Time Crime Index through 2026-04 administrative trend: robust fit about this metric
Public Safety

Motor vehicle theft rate

▼ Lower is better Improving recently
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Vehicle theft fell about 19% over the 12 months ending May 2026, faster than 56% of similar-size cities.

Multi-year view: vehicle theft fell about 5% a year from 2021 to 2026, faster than 78% of similar-size cities. The change does not yet pass the noise and consistency checks, so treat it as a raw signal.
Longer view: vehicle theft fell about 2% a year from 2018 to 2026.
Most recent monthly reading: 328 in May 2026, down from 405 a year earlier.
328 per 100k
2018May 2026
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 10 similar-size cities by change rank
Each place's latest 12 months compares against its prior 12. significant improvement · significant worsening · within chance fluctuation for counts this size (Poisson test at 90%; these are administrative tallies, so the test covers event randomness, not survey error).
Place Latestper 100k Today's rank Changelast 12 months Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
U.S. (RTCI sample) ref 303 (Apr 26) -22.2%
Fort Worth, TX 301 (May 26) 2nd -35.0% 1st 39% below peers
Dallas, TX 735 (May 26) 9th -29.8% 2nd 50% above peers
Austin, TX 380 (May 26) 4th -26.8% 3rd 23% below peers
Houston, TX 490 (May 26) 6th -19.7% 4th on par with peers
Phoenix, AZ 328 (May 26) 3rd -18.9% 5th 33% below peers
San Diego, CA 282 (May 26) 1st -16.3% 6th 42% below peers
San Jose, CA 488 (May 26) 5th -12.5% 7th on par with peers
San Antonio, TX 585 (May 26) 7th -11.8% 8th 19% above peers
Chicago, IL 663 (May 26) 8th -6.4% 9th 35% above peers
Philadelphia, PA 1,009 (May 26) 10th +1.6% 10th 106% above peers
Real-Time Crime Index through 2026-04 administrative trend: robust fit about this metric
See all Public Safety data →
Economy
Economy

Median household income

▲ Higher is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Household income rose about 42% between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from $57,459 to $81,332 (each survey's own dollars, not adjusted for inflation) - more than the combined survey margin (±$1,136). 10 of the 10 similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction. It started mid-pack and has reached a genuinely better level; worth investigating.

Improving beyond the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 10 of 10 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: household income rose about 73% from 2014 to 2024 ($46,881 to $81,332).
$81,332
20102024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Arizona ref $79,964 +36%
United States ref $80,734 +28%
Phoenix, AZ $81,332 4th +42% 1st 4% above peers
San Diego, CA $108,077 2nd +36% 2nd 39% above peers
Philadelphia, PA $61,953 11th +35% 3rd 20% below peers
Dallas, TX $70,518 7th +34% 4th 9% below peers
Chicago, IL $77,902 6th +34% 5th on par with peers
San Jose, CA $146,427 1st +34% 6th 88% above peers
Austin, TX $93,658 3rd +31% 7th 20% above peers
Fort Worth, TX $79,507 5th +28% 8th 2% above peers
Jacksonville, FL $69,872 8th +28% 9th 10% below peers
San Antonio, TX $65,056 9th +24% 10th 16% below peers
Houston, TX $64,813 10th +24% 11th 17% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 377 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EconomyMedian household income
Loading tract map…
55 of 377 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 5 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸ Break down by group Race · ACS 2024
Loading breakdown…
How breakdowns work →
▸

Peers worth a call

2
Cities of similar size (1m+) that started mid-pack, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Dallas, TX up about 34% between its surveys · a larger real gain than 62% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Chicago, IL up about 34% between its surveys · a larger real gain than 50% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±$986 at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Economy

Unemployment rate

▼ Lower is better Worsening, slower than peers
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Unemployment rose less than 0.1 percentage points a year from 2022 to 2025. That is movement in the wrong direction.

Worsening slower than 70% of similar-size cities over 2022-2025.
Longer view: unemployment fell about 0.2 percentage points a year from 2015 to 2025.
Most recent monthly reading: 4.0% in May 2026, up from 3.7% a year earlier.
4.0%
1990May 2026
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Place Latest Today's rank Changelast 12 months Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Arizona ref 4.8% (May 26) +0.5pp
United States ref 4.2% (Jun 26) +0.1pp
San Jose, CA 3.5% (May 26) 2nd -0.5pp 1st 15% below peers
San Diego, CA 3.8% (May 26) 3rd -0.2pp 2nd 7% below peers
Philadelphia, PA 5.0% (May 26) 10th -0.1pp 3rd 22% above peers
Phoenix, AZ 4.0% (May 26) 4th +0.3pp 4th 2% below peers
San Antonio, TX 4.0% (May 26) 5th +0.3pp 5th 2% below peers
Dallas, TX 4.1% (May 26) 6th +0.3pp 6th on par with peers
Austin, TX 3.4% (May 26) 1st +0.3pp 7th 17% below peers
Fort Worth, TX 4.1% (May 26) 7th +0.3pp 8th on par with peers
Houston, TX 4.5% (May 26) 8th +0.3pp 9th 10% above peers
Chicago, IL 5.4% (May 26) 11th +0.7pp 10th 32% above peers
Jacksonville, FL 4.7% (May 26) 9th +0.9pp 11th 15% above peers
BLS Local Area Unemployment Statistics through 2025 administrative trend: robust fit about this metric
Economy

Share of people below the poverty level

▼ Lower is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Poverty fell 4.3 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 17.8% to 13.5% - more than the combined survey margin (±0.6pp). 7 of the 10 similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction. It started mid-pack and has reached a genuinely better level; worth investigating.

Improving beyond the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 7 of 10 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: poverty fell 9.4 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (22.9% to 13.5%).
13.5%
20112024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Arizona ref 11.9% -2.4pp
United States ref 12.0%
Phoenix, AZ 13.5% 5th -4.3pp 1st 5% below peers
San Diego, CA 10.7% 2nd -1.9pp 2nd 25% below peers
Philadelphia, PA 20.8% 11th -2.9pp 3rd 46% above peers
Dallas, TX 16.5% 8th -2.2pp 4th 16% above peers
Fort Worth, TX 12.9% 4th -1.4pp 5th 10% below peers
Austin, TX 11.7% 3rd -1.2pp 6th 18% below peers
Chicago, IL 16.5% 7th -1.5pp 7th 16% above peers
San Jose, CA 8.0% 1st -0.6pp 8th 43% below peers
San Antonio, TX 16.8% 9th -0.7pp 9th 18% above peers
Jacksonville, FL 14.2% 6th -0.3pp 10th on par with peers
Houston, TX 19.6% 10th -0.2pp 11th 38% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 377 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EconomyShare of people below the poverty level
Loading tract map…
56 of 377 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 2 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸ Break down by group Race · Age · Sex · ACS 2024
Loading breakdown…
How breakdowns work →
▸

Peers worth a call

2
Cities of similar size (1m+) that started mid-pack, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Chicago, IL down 1.5pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 50% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Los Angeles, CA down 1.5pp between its surveys · a smaller real gain than 62% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±0.4pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Economy

Share of children below the poverty level

▼ Lower is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Child poverty fell 7.4 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 26.6% to 19.3% - more than the combined survey margin (±0.9pp). 10 of the 10 similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction. It started mid-pack and has reached a genuinely better level; worth investigating.

Improving beyond the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 10 of 10 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: child poverty fell 14.1 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (33.3% to 19.3%).
19.3%
20132024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Arizona ref 16.2% -5.3pp
United States ref 16.1%
Phoenix, AZ 19.3% 5th -7.4pp 1st 2% below peers
San Diego, CA 12.1% 2nd -3.6pp 2nd 38% below peers
Dallas, TX 24.3% 9th -5.0pp 3rd 24% above peers
Philadelphia, PA 29.0% 10th -5.9pp 4th 48% above peers
Austin, TX 15.1% 3rd -2.8pp 5th 23% below peers
San Jose, CA 8.2% 1st -1.2pp 6th 58% below peers
Chicago, IL 23.6% 7th -3.3pp 7th 20% above peers
Fort Worth, TX 17.7% 4th -2.3pp 8th 10% below peers
Jacksonville, FL 19.6% 6th -2.4pp 9th on par with peers
San Antonio, TX 23.9% 8th -2.3pp 10th 22% above peers
Houston, TX 30.1% 11th -1.2pp 11th 54% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 377 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EconomyShare of children below the poverty level
Loading tract map…
54 of 377 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 5 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

2
Cities of similar size (1m+) that started mid-pack, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Chicago, IL down 3.3pp between its surveys · a smaller real gain than 62% of this group · 2019-2024
  • San Antonio, TX down 2.3pp between its surveys · a smaller real gain than 75% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±0.7pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Economy

Households with a broadband internet subscription

▲ Higher is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Broadband rose 8.6 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 82.9% to 91.5% - more than the combined survey margin (±0.5pp). 10 of the 10 similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction. It started mid-pack and has reached a genuinely better level; worth investigating.

Improving beyond the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 10 of 10 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: broadband rose 14.0 percentage points from 2017 to 2024 (77.4% to 91.5%).
91.5%
20172024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Arizona ref 91.7% +7.3pp
United States ref 91.1%
Dallas, TX 91.0% 7th +14.1pp 1st on par with peers
Philadelphia, PA 89.2% 10th +12.1pp 2nd 2% below peers
San Antonio, TX 91.0% 6th +11.7pp 3rd on par with peers
Chicago, IL 89.2% 11th +10.2pp 4th 2% below peers
Houston, TX 90.2% 9th +10.0pp 5th 1% below peers
Phoenix, AZ 91.5% 5th +8.6pp 6th 1% above peers
Fort Worth, TX 92.3% 4th +8.0pp 7th 1% above peers
Jacksonville, FL 91.0% 8th +7.1pp 8th on par with peers
Austin, TX 93.8% 3rd +6.2pp 9th 3% above peers
San Diego, CA 95.3% 2nd +4.5pp 10th 5% above peers
San Jose, CA 95.5% 1st +4.1pp 11th 5% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 377 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EconomyHouseholds with a broadband internet subscription
Loading tract map…
54 of 377 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 4 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

3
Cities of similar size (1m+) that started mid-pack, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • San Antonio, TX up 11.7pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 75% of this group · 2019-2024
  • Houston, TX up 9.9pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 50% of this group · 2019-2024
  • New York, NY up 8.9pp between its surveys · a smaller real gain than 75% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±0.3pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Economy

Income inequality (Gini index)

▼ Lower is better No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Inequality changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (0.47 then, 0.47 now; margin ±0.01).

Within the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 5 of 10 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: inequality fell about 2% from 2014 to 2024 (0.48 to 0.47).
0.47
20102024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Arizona ref 0.46 -0.003
United States ref 0.48 +0.001
Dallas, TX 0.53 10th -0.012 1st 13% above peers
San Diego, CA 0.46 3rd -0.008 2nd 1% below peers
Chicago, IL 0.52 9th -0.008 3rd 12% above peers
Phoenix, AZ 0.47 5th -0.006 4th on par with peers
Fort Worth, TX 0.45 1st -0.005 5th 3% below peers
Philadelphia, PA 0.51 8th -0.005 6th 10% above peers
San Antonio, TX 0.46 4th -0.002 7th 1% below peers
Austin, TX 0.49 7th +0.002 8th 4% above peers
Jacksonville, FL 0.47 6th +0.002 9th on par with peers
Houston, TX 0.54 11th +0.005 10th 15% above peers
San Jose, CA 0.46 2nd +0.012 11th 1% below peers
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B19083) through 2024 ±0.01 at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Economy

Households receiving SNAP

▼ Lower is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →

SNAP fell 2.9 percentage points between the 2014-2018 and 2019-2023 surveys, from 14.2% to 11.3% - more than the combined survey margin (±0.5pp). 5 of the 10 similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction. It started mid-pack and has reached a genuinely better level; worth investigating.

Improving beyond the survey margin, 2014-2018 vs 2019-2023 surveys; 8 of 10 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: snap fell 5.0 percentage points from 2013 to 2023 (16.3% to 11.3%).
11.3%
20102023
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2019-2023 survey Today's rank Change2014-2018 → 2019-2023 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Arizona ref 10.1% -1.7pp
United States ref 11.8% -0.5pp
Austin, TX 6.2% 1st -1.9pp 1st 50% below peers
Phoenix, AZ 11.3% 4th -2.9pp 2nd 8% below peers
Dallas, TX 11.7% 5th -2.3pp 3rd 5% below peers
Jacksonville, FL 14.6% 8th -2.2pp 4th 18% above peers
Fort Worth, TX 12.3% 6th -1.8pp 5th on par with peers
Houston, TX 14.3% 7th -0.7pp 6th 16% above peers
Chicago, IL 18.6% 10th -0.3pp 7th 52% above peers
Philadelphia, PA 26.2% 11th +0.7pp 8th 113% above peers
San Antonio, TX 16.0% 9th +1.3pp 9th 30% above peers
San Jose, CA 7.8% 2nd +1.3pp 10th 37% below peers
San Diego, CA 8.7% 3rd +2.1pp 11th 30% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 377 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2018 to 2023, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EconomyHouseholds receiving SNAP
Loading tract map…
54 of 377 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 4 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2023 ±0.4pp at 90% confidence (2023 estimate) survey trend: 2014-2018 vs 2019-2023 surveys about this metric
See all Economy data →
Housing
Housing

Typical home value

No better direction Falling recently
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Home value fell about 2% over the 12 months ending June 2026, faster than 60% of similar-size cities.

Multi-year view: home value fell less than 1% a year from 2021 to 2026, faster than 50% of similar-size cities.
Longer view: home value rose about 11% a year from 2016 to 2026.
Most recent monthly reading: $410,222 in June 2026, down from $419,203 a year earlier.
$410,222
2000June 2026
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Place Latest Today's rank Changelast 12 months Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Arizona ref $422,822 (Jun 26) -1.6%
United States ref $372,995 (Jun 26) +0.8%
Chicago, IL $335,521 (Jun 26) 5th +3.9% 1st 8% above peers
Philadelphia, PA $237,459 (Jun 26) 11th +0.4% 2nd 24% below peers
San Diego, CA $1,002,065 (Jun 26) 2nd -1.7% 3rd 222% above peers
San Jose, CA $1,413,804 (Jun 26) 1st -1.8% 4th 354% above peers
Jacksonville, FL $287,871 (Jun 26) 8th -1.8% 5th 8% below peers
San Antonio, TX $250,888 (Jun 26) 10th -2.1% 6th 19% below peers
Phoenix, AZ $410,222 (Jun 26) 4th -2.1% 7th 32% above peers
Fort Worth, TX $300,035 (Jun 26) 7th -2.2% 8th 4% below peers
Houston, TX $265,010 (Jun 26) 9th -2.6% 9th 15% below peers
Dallas, TX $311,326 (Jun 26) 6th -2.7% 10th on par with peers
Austin, TX $507,622 (Jun 26) 3rd -5.0% 11th 63% above peers
Zillow Home Value Index through 2026-06 modeled trend: robust fit about this metric
Housing

Starter home value (bottom tier)

No better direction Falling recently
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Starter homes fell about 3% over the 12 months ending June 2026, faster than 50% of similar-size cities.

Multi-year view: starter homes fell about 1% a year from 2021 to 2026, faster than 80% of similar-size cities.
Longer view: starter homes rose about 15% a year from 2016 to 2026.
Most recent monthly reading: $308,098 in June 2026, down from $316,456 a year earlier.
$308,098
2000June 2026
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Place Latest Today's rank Changelast 12 months Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Arizona ref $297,010 (Jun 26) -1.8%
United States ref $202,486 (Jun 26) +2.0%
Chicago, IL $199,084 (Jun 26) 6th +3.3% 1st on par with peers
Philadelphia, PA $136,744 (Jun 26) 11th +2.8% 2nd 31% below peers
San Antonio, TX $163,769 (Jun 26) 10th -2.0% 3rd 18% below peers
San Diego, CA $660,602 (Jun 26) 2nd -2.0% 4th 232% above peers
Fort Worth, TX $211,166 (Jun 26) 5th -2.2% 5th 6% above peers
Phoenix, AZ $308,098 (Jun 26) 4th -2.6% 6th 55% above peers
Jacksonville, FL $178,651 (Jun 26) 8th -2.9% 7th 10% below peers
San Jose, CA $928,894 (Jun 26) 1st -3.0% 8th 367% above peers
Houston, TX $177,845 (Jun 26) 9th -3.0% 9th 11% below peers
Dallas, TX $189,277 (Jun 26) 7th -3.7% 10th 5% below peers
Austin, TX $337,472 (Jun 26) 3rd -5.9% 11th 70% above peers
Zillow Home Value Index through 2026-06 modeled trend: robust fit about this metric
Housing

Homeownership rate

▲ Higher is better Improving (small)
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Homeownership rose 2.9 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 54.4% to 57.3% - more than the combined survey margin (±0.7pp). 3 of the 10 similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction.

Improving beyond the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 7 of 10 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: homeownership rose 3.3 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (54.0% to 57.3%).
57.3%
20112024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Arizona ref 67.4% +2.9pp
United States ref 65.2%
Phoenix, AZ 57.3% 2nd +2.9pp 1st 11% above peers
Dallas, TX 42.4% 10th +1.6pp 2nd 18% below peers
Jacksonville, FL 57.6% 1st +1.5pp 3rd 11% above peers
Chicago, IL 46.0% 8th +1.0pp 4th 11% below peers
San Diego, CA 47.3% 7th +0.5pp 5th 9% below peers
Houston, TX 42.1% 11th -0.2pp 6th 19% below peers
Fort Worth, TX 57.0% 3rd -0.4pp 7th 10% above peers
San Jose, CA 55.8% 4th -1.0pp 8th 8% above peers
Philadelphia, PA 51.8% 6th -1.2pp 9th on par with peers
San Antonio, TX 52.2% 5th -1.7pp 10th 1% above peers
Austin, TX 43.5% 9th -1.7pp 11th 16% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 377 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
HousingHomeownership rate
Loading tract map…
54 of 377 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 4 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸ Break down by group Race · ACS 2024
Loading breakdown…
How breakdowns work →
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±0.6pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Housing

Typical asking rent

No better direction Falling, faster than peers
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Rent was essentially flat over the 12 months ending June 2026.

Multi-year view: rent fell less than 1% a year from 2021 to 2026, faster than 80% of similar-size cities.
Longer view: rent rose about 8% a year from 2016 to 2026.
Most recent monthly reading: $1,569 in June 2026, down from $1,574 a year earlier.
$1,569
2015June 2026
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Place Latest Today's rank Changelast 12 months Change rank History Latest vs. peers
United States ref $1,965 (Jun 26) +2.2%
Chicago, IL $2,409 (Jun 26) 3rd +6.1% 1st 49% above peers
San Jose, CA $3,479 (Jun 26) 1st +5.3% 2nd 115% above peers
Philadelphia, PA $1,814 (Jun 26) 4th +3.4% 3rd 12% above peers
San Diego, CA $3,038 (Jun 26) 2nd +1.5% 4th 88% above peers
Jacksonville, FL $1,600 (Jun 26) 8th +1.0% 5th 1% below peers
Dallas, TX $1,618 (Jun 26) 6th +0.3% 6th on par with peers
Fort Worth, TX $1,635 (Jun 26) 5th +0.3% 7th 1% above peers
Houston, TX $1,567 (Jun 26) 10th -0.3% 8th 3% below peers
Phoenix, AZ $1,569 (Jun 26) 9th -0.3% 9th 3% below peers
San Antonio, TX $1,382 (Jun 26) 11th -1.9% 10th 15% below peers
Austin, TX $1,615 (Jun 26) 7th -2.0% 11th on par with peers
Zillow Observed Rent Index through 2026-06 modeled trend: robust fit about this metric
Housing

Housing cost-burdened households

▼ Lower is better Turning up (early signal)
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Cost burden changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (34.3% then, 34.1% now; margin ±0.8pp). The newest releases lean upward: each of the last 4 annual updates moved the 5-year average the same way - an early signal, not a measured change.*

Within the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 8 of 10 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: cost burden fell 6.0 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (40.1% to 34.1%).
34.1%
20102024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Arizona ref 31.0% +0.3pp
United States ref 32.2% +0.4pp
Chicago, IL 39.1% 8th -1.3pp 1st 4% above peers
Philadelphia, PA 38.7% 7th -1.1pp 2nd 2% above peers
San Jose, CA 37.5% 3rd -1.0pp 3rd 1% below peers
Phoenix, AZ 34.1% 1st -0.1pp 4th 10% below peers
San Diego, CA 43.3% 11th +0.1pp 5th 15% above peers
Austin, TX 37.2% 2nd +1.0pp 6th 1% below peers
Dallas, TX 40.5% 9th +2.6pp 7th 7% above peers
Houston, TX 41.2% 10th +3.1pp 8th 9% above peers
Jacksonville, FL 37.7% 5th +3.1pp 9th on par with peers
San Antonio, TX 37.7% 4th +3.1pp 10th on par with peers
Fort Worth, TX 37.8% 6th +4.4pp 11th on par with peers
▸ Where is this changing? 377 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
HousingHousing cost-burdened households
Loading tract map…
54 of 377 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 4 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
Census ACS 5-year survey (tables B25070 + B25091) through 2024 ±0.6pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys *Early signal: consecutive releases agree on direction only; the size of the newest movement is not measurable from overlapping surveys. about this metric
Housing

Households without a vehicle

▼ Lower is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →

No vehicle fell 1.2 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 7.8% to 6.6% - more than the combined survey margin (±0.5pp). 4 of the 10 similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction. It started mid-pack and has reached a genuinely better level; worth investigating.

Improving beyond the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 7 of 10 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: no vehicle fell 2.5 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (9.1% to 6.6%).
6.6%
20102024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Arizona ref 5.4% -0.8pp
United States ref 8.3% -0.3pp
Phoenix, AZ 6.6% 3rd -1.2pp 1st 10% below peers
Jacksonville, FL 7.3% 6th -0.6pp 2nd on par with peers
San Antonio, TX 7.7% 7th -0.6pp 3rd 5% above peers
Philadelphia, PA 27.9% 11th -2.2pp 4th 282% above peers
Dallas, TX 8.8% 8th -0.5pp 5th 21% above peers
Chicago, IL 26.6% 10th -0.3pp 6th 264% above peers
Fort Worth, TX 5.5% 1st -0.0pp 7th 25% below peers
San Diego, CA 6.6% 4th +0.2pp 8th 10% below peers
Austin, TX 7.1% 5th +0.9pp 9th 3% below peers
San Jose, CA 6.1% 2nd +0.9pp 10th 16% below peers
Houston, TX 10.1% 9th +1.6pp 11th 38% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 377 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
HousingHouseholds without a vehicle
Loading tract map…
54 of 377 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 4 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

1
Cities of similar size (1m+) that started mid-pack, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Dallas, TX down 0.5pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 62% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B08201) through 2024 ±0.4pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
See all Housing data →
Health
Health

People without health insurance

▼ Lower is better No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Uninsured changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (14.0% then, 14.2% now; margin ±0.4pp).

Within the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 8 of 10 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: uninsured fell 7.3 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (21.5% to 14.2%).
14.2%
20122024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Arizona ref 10.1% +0.2pp
United States ref 8.2% -0.4pp
San Diego, CA 5.7% 2nd -2.0pp 1st 54% below peers
Philadelphia, PA 7.0% 3rd -1.0pp 2nd 43% below peers
Austin, TX 12.3% 6th -1.2pp 3rd on par with peers
San Jose, CA 4.8% 1st -0.4pp 4th 61% below peers
Jacksonville, FL 10.9% 5th -0.8pp 5th 11% below peers
Dallas, TX 22.6% 10th -0.8pp 6th 83% above peers
Chicago, IL 9.7% 4th +0.1pp 7th 22% below peers
Fort Worth, TX 18.4% 9th +0.2pp 8th 49% above peers
Phoenix, AZ 14.2% 7th +0.2pp 9th 15% above peers
Houston, TX 23.5% 11th +0.5pp 10th 91% above peers
San Antonio, TX 17.3% 8th +0.8pp 11th 41% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 377 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
HealthPeople without health insurance
Loading tract map…
56 of 377 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 2 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸ Break down by group Race · Age · Sex · ACS 2024
Loading breakdown…
How breakdowns work →
▸

Peers worth a call

1
Cities of similar size (1m+) that started mid-pack, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Los Angeles, CA down 2.0pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 88% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±0.3pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Health

Adult obesity

▼ Lower is better Level only
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Adult obesity is roughly in line with the peer median.

35.1%
20202022
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities best first
Place Latest Today's rank History Latest vs. peers
Arizona ref 33.5%
United States ref 33.4%
San Jose, CA 23.2% 1st 34% below peers
San Diego, CA 24.7% 2nd 30% below peers
Austin, TX 29.2% 3rd 17% below peers
Jacksonville, FL 33.7% 4th 4% below peers
Philadelphia, PA 33.8% 5th 4% below peers
Phoenix, AZ 35.1% 6th on par with peers
Chicago, IL 35.2% 7th on par with peers
Houston, TX 35.7% 8th 2% above peers
Dallas, TX 36.0% 9th 3% above peers
San Antonio, TX 38.2% 10th 9% above peers
Fort Worth, TX 39.7% 11th 13% above peers
CDC PLACES through 2022 modeled tract map about this metric
Health

Children without health insurance

▼ Lower is better No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Child uninsured changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (9.5% then, 10.1% now; margin ±0.6pp).

Within the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 6 of 10 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: child uninsured fell 3.9 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (14.0% to 10.1%).
10.1%
20122024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Arizona ref 8.8% +0.6pp
United States ref 5.5% +0.4pp
San Jose, CA 1.8% 1st -0.3pp 1st 81% below peers
San Diego, CA 3.5% 2nd -0.1pp 2nd 63% below peers
Jacksonville, FL 7.0% 5th +0.2pp 3rd 27% below peers
Phoenix, AZ 10.1% 7th +0.5pp 4th 5% above peers
Austin, TX 9.6% 6th +0.6pp 5th on par with peers
Dallas, TX 16.3% 10th +1.4pp 6th 70% above peers
Fort Worth, TX 13.5% 9th +1.8pp 7th 42% above peers
Chicago, IL 4.1% 3rd +0.7pp 8th 57% below peers
San Antonio, TX 10.4% 8th +1.9pp 9th 9% above peers
Houston, TX 16.3% 11th +3.2pp 10th 71% above peers
Philadelphia, PA 4.6% 4th +1.1pp 11th 52% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 377 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
HealthChildren without health insurance
Loading tract map…
54 of 377 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 5 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B27001) through 2024 ±0.5pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
See all Health data →
Education
Education

Adults with a bachelor's degree or higher

▲ Higher is better Real improvement
Compared against How peers are chosen →

College attainment rose 4.9 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 28.6% to 33.6% - more than the combined survey margin (±0.6pp). 10 of the 10 similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction. It started among the weakest third of similar-size cities, so some rebound is expected; still, the improvement is sustained and worth investigating.

Improving beyond the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 10 of 10 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: college attainment rose 7.1 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (26.5% to 33.6%).
33.6%
20102024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Arizona ref 33.3% +3.9pp
United States ref 35.7% +3.5pp
Philadelphia, PA 35.4% 7th +5.7pp 1st 3% below peers
Phoenix, AZ 33.6% 8th +4.9pp 2nd 8% below peers
Jacksonville, FL 33.2% 9th +4.6pp 3rd 9% below peers
Austin, TX 59.6% 1st +7.8pp 4th 63% above peers
Dallas, TX 38.2% 5th +4.9pp 5th 4% above peers
Chicago, IL 44.3% 4th +4.9pp 6th 21% above peers
San Antonio, TX 29.0% 11th +3.0pp 7th 21% below peers
Houston, TX 36.6% 6th +3.8pp 8th on par with peers
San Diego, CA 51.0% 2nd +5.1pp 9th 39% above peers
San Jose, CA 47.3% 3rd +3.6pp 10th 29% above peers
Fort Worth, TX 32.0% 10th +2.4pp 11th 13% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 377 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EducationAdults with a bachelor's degree or higher
Loading tract map…
56 of 377 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 2 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸ Break down by group Sex · ACS 2024
Loading breakdown…
How breakdowns work →
▸

Peers worth a call

2
Cities of similar size (1m+) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Philadelphia, PA up 5.7pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
  • San Antonio, TX up 3.0pp between its surveys · a smaller real gain than 62% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±0.5pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Education

Children ages 3-4 enrolled in preschool

▲ Higher is better Worsening
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Preschool enrollment fell 2.7 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 34.1% to 31.4% - more than the combined survey margin (±2.6pp). That reverses the previous span, which went up between the 2010-2014 and 2015-2019 surveys. 2 of the 10 similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction. That is movement in the wrong direction.

Worsening beyond the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 3 of 10 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: preschool enrollment rose 1.4 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (29.9% to 31.4%).
31.4%
20112024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Arizona ref 35.0% -3.9pp
United States ref 45.5%
Dallas, TX 47.0% 5th +4.2pp 1st 3% above peers
Houston, TX 44.6% 7th +0.2pp 2nd 2% below peers
Fort Worth, TX 39.0% 10th +0.1pp 3rd 14% below peers
San Diego, CA 53.3% 2nd -1.6pp 4th 17% above peers
San Antonio, TX 42.1% 8th -1.5pp 5th 8% below peers
Austin, TX 51.8% 3rd -1.9pp 6th 14% above peers
San Jose, CA 54.3% 1st -2.5pp 7th 19% above peers
Jacksonville, FL 41.1% 9th -2.5pp 8th 10% below peers
Phoenix, AZ 31.4% 11th -2.7pp 9th 31% below peers
Philadelphia, PA 45.6% 6th -5.8pp 10th on par with peers
Chicago, IL 50.7% 4th -7.2pp 11th 11% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 377 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EducationChildren ages 3-4 enrolled in preschool
Loading tract map…
61 of 377 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 10 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
▸

Peers worth a call

1
Cities of similar size (1m+) that started in the weakest third, like this city, and whose improvement is sustained over several years, larger than the data's normal noise, and big enough to matter. Referral candidates to investigate, not proven interventions. How we pick these →
  • Dallas, TX up 4.2pp between its surveys · a larger real gain than 100% of this group · 2019-2024
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±2.0pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Education

Teens not in school and not working

▼ Lower is better No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Disconnected youth changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (9.0% then, 8.6% now; margin ±1.2pp).

Within the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 1 of 10 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: disconnected youth fell 3.6 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (12.2% to 8.6%).
8.6%
20102024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Arizona ref 8.2% -0.2pp
United States ref 6.9% +0.3pp
Philadelphia, PA 8.2% 5th -0.9pp 1st 2% below peers
San Diego, CA 4.2% 2nd -0.4pp 2nd 50% below peers
Austin, TX 5.5% 3rd -0.5pp 3rd 33% below peers
Phoenix, AZ 8.6% 7th -0.5pp 4th 3% above peers
Dallas, TX 10.1% 8th -0.1pp 5th 21% above peers
Chicago, IL 8.3% 6th +0.2pp 6th on par with peers
Fort Worth, TX 7.5% 4th +0.3pp 7th 9% below peers
San Jose, CA 3.8% 1st +0.3pp 8th 54% below peers
Houston, TX 10.4% 10th +1.0pp 9th 25% above peers
Jacksonville, FL 10.3% 9th +1.3pp 10th 24% above peers
San Antonio, TX 10.8% 11th +2.6pp 11th 30% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 377 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: green tracts improved, red tracts moved the wrong way. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
EducationTeens not in school and not working
Loading tract map…
56 of 377 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 4 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B14005) through 2024 ±0.9pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
See all Education data →
Demographics
Demographics

Population

No better direction Rising
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Population rose about 1% between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 1,633,017 to 1,642,323 - more than the combined survey margin (±214). 5 of the 10 similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction.

Rising beyond the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 9 of 10 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: population rose about 10% from 2014 to 2024 (1,490,758 to 1,642,323).
1,642,323
20102024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Fort Worth, TX 963,194 11th +10% 1st 31% below peers
Jacksonville, FL 977,670 10th +10% 2nd 30% below peers
Austin, TX 979,539 9th +3% 3rd 30% below peers
Houston, TX 2,328,253 2nd +1% 4th 68% above peers
Phoenix, AZ 1,642,323 3rd +1% 5th 18% above peers
Chicago, IL 2,711,226 1st +0% 6th 95% above peers
Philadelphia, PA 1,579,706 4th +0% 7th 14% above peers
San Diego, CA 1,389,526 6th -1% 8th on par with peers
Dallas, TX 1,307,930 7th -2% 9th 6% below peers
San Antonio, TX 1,479,835 5th -2% 10th 6% above peers
San Jose, CA 990,138 8th -4% 11th 29% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 377 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: blue tracts rose, orange tracts fell. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
DemographicsPopulation
Loading tract map…
58 of 377 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±179 at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Demographics

Children's share of the population

No better direction Falling
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Children fell 2.5 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 26.1% to 23.6% - more than the combined survey margin (±0.3pp). 9 of the 10 similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction.

Falling beyond the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 9 of 10 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: children fell 3.2 percentage points from 2017 to 2024 (26.8% to 23.6%).
23.6%
20172024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Arizona ref 21.1% -1.3pp
United States ref 21.6% -0.7pp
Jacksonville, FL 22.6% 6th -0.3pp 1st on par with peers
Philadelphia, PA 21.2% 7th -0.7pp 2nd 6% below peers
Dallas, TX 23.9% 2nd -1.1pp 3rd 6% above peers
Fort Worth, TX 26.4% 1st -1.3pp 4th 17% above peers
San Antonio, TX 23.6% 4th -1.4pp 5th 4% above peers
Houston, TX 23.4% 5th -1.7pp 6th 3% above peers
Chicago, IL 19.4% 9th -1.5pp 7th 14% below peers
San Diego, CA 18.4% 10th -1.5pp 8th 19% below peers
San Jose, CA 20.5% 8th -2.0pp 9th 10% below peers
Phoenix, AZ 23.6% 3rd -2.5pp 10th 4% above peers
Austin, TX 18.0% 11th -2.4pp 11th 21% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 377 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: blue tracts rose, orange tracts fell. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
DemographicsChildren's share of the population
Loading tract map…
56 of 377 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 2 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
Census ACS 5-year survey through 2024 ±0.3pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Demographics

Children in single-parent families

No better direction No measurable change
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Single-parent changed less than the survey can measure between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys (37.3% then, 36.8% now; margin ±1.5pp).

Within the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 4 of 10 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: single-parent fell 1.7 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (38.5% to 36.8%).
36.8%
20102024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Arizona ref 31.4% -0.6pp
United States ref 29.9% -0.2pp
San Antonio, TX 40.8% 3rd +3.2pp 1st 4% above peers
San Jose, CA 22.6% 11th +1.6pp 2nd 42% below peers
Houston, TX 41.9% 2nd +2.1pp 3rd 7% above peers
Phoenix, AZ 36.8% 7th -0.5pp 4th 6% below peers
Jacksonville, FL 39.3% 5th -0.8pp 5th on par with peers
Dallas, TX 39.2% 6th -0.9pp 6th on par with peers
Chicago, IL 39.4% 4th -1.1pp 7th 1% above peers
San Diego, CA 24.5% 10th -1.0pp 8th 37% below peers
Austin, TX 26.9% 9th -1.1pp 9th 31% below peers
Fort Worth, TX 31.5% 8th -1.4pp 10th 19% below peers
Philadelphia, PA 52.4% 1st -2.4pp 11th 34% above peers
▸ Where is this changing? 377 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: blue tracts rose, orange tracts fell. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
DemographicsChildren in single-parent families
Loading tract map…
54 of 377 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 5 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B09002) through 2024 ±1.2pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
Demographics

Young children with all parents in the labor force

No better direction Rising
Compared against How peers are chosen →

Working parents rose 3.7 percentage points between the 2015-2019 and 2020-2024 surveys, from 63.7% to 67.4% - more than the combined survey margin (±2.9pp). 5 of the 10 similar-size cities show a real change in the same direction.

Rising beyond the survey margin, 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys; 5 of 10 similar-size cities show a real change.
Longer view: working parents rose 7.7 percentage points from 2014 to 2024 (59.7% to 67.4%).
67.4%
20102024
Open in Explorer →
▸ Compare all 11 similar-size cities by change rank
Change is measured between each place's two non-overlapping survey periods against its published margins (90% confidence). significant improvement · significant worsening · not significant (within the margin). Change rank orders every measured change; read it with the dot beside it, ranks among hollow-dot rows are ordering values inside their margins. Today's rank orders current values in the metric's better direction.
Place Latest2020-2024 survey Today's rank Change2015-2019 → 2020-2024 Sig. Change rank History Latest vs. peers
Arizona ref 64.7% +3.0pp
United States ref 68.1% +1.9pp
San Jose, CA 74.6% 1st +9.8pp 1st 10% above peers
Fort Worth, TX 67.7% 6th +7.7pp 2nd on par with peers
Austin, TX 68.6% 5th +6.7pp 3rd 1% above peers
San Diego, CA 68.8% 4th +4.5pp 4th 2% above peers
Houston, TX 61.7% 10th +3.8pp 5th 9% below peers
Phoenix, AZ 67.4% 7th +3.7pp 6th on par with peers
Chicago, IL 72.4% 2nd +2.1pp 7th 7% above peers
Dallas, TX 61.3% 11th +1.2pp 8th 9% below peers
San Antonio, TX 63.0% 9th +0.9pp 9th 7% below peers
Philadelphia, PA 72.0% 3rd -0.1pp 10th 6% above peers
Jacksonville, FL 66.3% 8th -0.1pp 11th 2% below peers
▸ Where is this changing? 377 census tracts
Each tract is colored and ranked by its change from 2019 to 2024, between the same two survey periods as the card above, as a share of its own starting level: blue tracts rose, orange tracts fell. Tracts marked * moved less than their own survey margin, so their color is a direction, not a claim. Hover a tract for its numbers and history, or a table row to find that tract on the map; click either for its location or its data in the Explorer.
DemographicsYoung children with all parents in the labor force
Loading tract map…
55 of 377 tracts cover a shorter window (dashed outline; mostly 2020 boundary changes); 5 have too little data to show a change (gray). Each tract's change uses the same two survey periods as the card above and is judged against the tract's own published margins; tracts marked * moved less than their margin. How the tract view works →
Census ACS 5-year survey (table B23008) through 2024 ±2.2pp at 90% confidence (2024 estimate) survey trend: 2015-2019 vs 2020-2024 surveys about this metric
See all Demographics data →